| Citation | Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder, 1953, Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays.. p. 1-514. In J. Tee-Van et al. (eds.) Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part two. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ. |
| Ref. | 6902 Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder, 1953 |
| Page | 502;fig111,112,116,117 |
| Named Used as Valid | Manta birostris |
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