| Main Ref. | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 | ||||
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| Distribution |
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| Remarks | Inhabits shallow coastal waters, estuaries and bays, over sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 3237). Often in schools, except large individuals which are solitary (Ref. 7251). Dorsal fin may show above surface (Ref. 42064). More or less pelagic but feeds on benthic worms, crustaceans, and mollusks (Ref. 2850), also on cephalopods and fish (Ref. 26338). Tolerates oxygen poor water by inhaling air into a lung-like airbladder (Ref. 9710). |
| Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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| Substrate Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1978 |
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| Special habitats Ref. |
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| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Feeding type ref | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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