Main Ref. | Fischer, W. and G. Bianchi (eds.), 1984 | ||||
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Distribution |
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Remarks | Occur inshore, over soft bottom (Ref. 7300). Adults are reported to concentrate in large shoals. Juveniles are solitary and often enter estuaries. Literature records of the species from Hawaii are erroneous. |
Substrate | Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Feeding type ref | Fischer, W. and G. Bianchi (eds.), 1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feeding habit ref | Fischer, W. and G. Bianchi (eds.), 1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trophic level(s) |
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