Main Ref. | Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.), 1987 | ||||
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Distribution |
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Remarks | Eurythermal. Gregarious when young. Voracious predator. High tolerance to salinity changes. Adults migrate to the estuaries in summer where they spawn in January-June. Young inhabit waters of 0.24-0.37% salinity where they feed mainly on zooplankton (Ref.. 11268). From 3.0 cm TL, diet changes to worms, crustaceans, fish larvae. Adults are strictly carnivorous surviving on small fish (Ref. 11243). |
Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | FAO EastMed Project, 2013 |
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Special habitats Ref. |
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Associations | |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Feeding type ref | Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.), 1987 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feeding habit ref | Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.), 1987 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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