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Ecology of Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus
 
Main Ref. Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
Distribution
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
 Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
 Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
 Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus may be found.
Remarks Present in seagrass beds at adult stage (Ref. 41878). Forms large schools in shallow water during the day. Moves into deeper water and further offshore at night. Is a nocturnal zooplanktivore (Ref. 9004). At no time is phytoplankton taken.

Substrate

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref. Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type ref Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit ref Milton, D.A., S.J.M. Blaber and N.J.F. Rawlinson, 1994
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Remark
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.57 0.35 3.49 0.46 Troph of juv./adults from 1 study.
Ref. Milton, D.A., S.J.M. Blaber and N.J.F. Rawlinson, 1994
From individual food items 3.27 0.38 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Entered by Binohlan, Crispina B. on 10.19.90
Modified by Ortañez, Auda Kareen on 08.20.08
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