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Ecology of Malacocephalus occidentalis
 
Main Ref. Macpherson, E. and B.A. Roel, 1987
Distribution
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
 Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
 Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
 Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Malacocephalus occidentalis may be found.
Remarks Inhabits warm to temperate waters on the continental slope (Ref. 2683). Benthic species found along the slope of both margins of the South Atlantic (Ref. 1371). Caught mostly at depths >350 m (Ref. 54164). Feeds on pelagic crustaceans (Ref. 27637, 58748).

Substrate

Substrate : demersal;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type ref Macpherson, E. and B.A. Roel, 1987
Feeding habit selective plankton feeding
Feeding habit ref Macpherson, E., 1989
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Remark
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.87 0.23 3.54 0.46 Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies.
Ref. Muto, E.Y., M.H.C. da Silva, G.R. Vera, S.S.M. Leite, D.G. Navarro and C.L.D.B. Rossi-Wongtschowski, 2005
From individual food items 3.16 0.36 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Entered by Sa-a, Pascualita on 09.21.99
Modified by Pablico, Grace Tolentino on 08.23.07
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