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Ecology of Raja clavata
 
Main Ref. Ajayi, T.O., 1982
Distribution
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
 Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
 Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
 Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Raja clavata may be found.
Remarks Nocturnal predator. Feeds on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167). Polychaetes and crustaceans are important prey items of smaller individuals, bony fishes become more important prey items of larger individuals (Ref. 28070).

Substrate

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type ref Ajayi, T.O., 1982
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit ref Ajayi, T.O., 1982
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Remark
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.84 0.17 3.64 0.50 Troph of adults from 9 studies.
Ref. Daan, N., B. Johnson, J.R. Larsen and H. Sparholt, 1993
From individual food items 4.15 0.95 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Entered by Sa-a, Pascualita on 12.14.92
Modified by Franke, Andrea on 01.12.12
Checked by Miranda, Lilibeth on 05.10.01
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