Main Ref. | Honebrink, R., 1990 | ||||
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Distribution |
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Remarks | Occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 7300). Prefers clear oceanic waters around islands to neritic waters (Ref. 5217). Occasionally in turbid waters (Ref. 9283). Mainly nocturnal. Feeds on small shrimps, benthic invertebrates, and forams when inshore, and zooplankton and fish larvae when offshore. Travels in compact groups of hundreds of thousands of fish. |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Feeding type ref | Honebrink, R., 1990 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feeding habit ref | Honebrink, R., 1990 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trophic level(s) |
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