Ecology of Sphyraena ensis
 
Main Ref. López-Peralta, R.H. and C.A.T. Arcila, 2002
Distribution
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Sphyraena ensis may be found.
Remarks

Substrate

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type ref López-Peralta, R.H. and C.A.T. Arcila, 2002
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit ref López-Peralta, R.H. and C.A.T. Arcila, 2002
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Remark
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 4.45 0.79
Ref. López-Peralta, R.H. and C.A.T. Arcila, 2002
From individual food items 4.03 0.67 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Entered by Pablico, Grace Tolentino on 05.12.03
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