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Ecology of Torpedo marmorata
 
Main Ref. Abdel-Aziz, S.H., 1994
распространение
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
 Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
 Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
 Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Torpedo marmorata may be found.
Remarks Inhabits coral reefs between the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea (Ref. 9137). A carnivore (Ref. 9137).

Substrate

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

ссылка
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type ref Abdel-Aziz, S.H., 1994
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit ref Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Замечание
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 4.50 4.38 0.74 Troph of adults from 1 study.
ссылка Abdel-Aziz, S.H., 1994
From individual food items 3.80 0.47 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
(например 346)
(например cnidaria)
введено (кем) Sa-a, Pascualita on 09.29.97
изменено (кем) Sta. Iglesia, Drina on 05.24.01
проверено (кем) Sta. Iglesia, Drina on 05.24.01
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