Main Ref. | May, J.L. and J.G.H. Maxwell, 1986 | ||||
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Distribution |
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Remarks | Occur in coastal waters, including estuaries (Ref. 9563), mostly in waters shallower than 150 m and warmer than 13°C (Ref. 9072). Commonly found on the bottom, in midwater and occasionally at the surface (Ref. 9258), in large schools (Ref. 33616). Adults are generally found over offshore rocky reefs, while juveniles are generally found in shallow, soft substrate areas (Ref. 6390). |
Substrate | Soft Bottom Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Feeding type ref | Godfriaux, B.L., 1970 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feeding habit ref | Godfriaux, B.L., 1970 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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