| Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers) |
| 230 cm TL (male/unsexed); max.weight: 103 kg |
|
benthopelagic; depth range 15 - 300 m, oceanodromous |
| Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Gibraltar and Congo, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Migrated to the Red Sea via the Suez Canal. |
|
Dorsal spines (total): 10-11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 27-29. Rough scales, Second dorsal fin (soft ray) twice as long as first, spiny rayed dorsal fin (Ref. 35388). |
| Adults are found inshore and shelf waters, close to bottom as well as in surface and mid-waters, pursuing shoals of clupeids and mugilids. They congregate inshore to spawn during spring and summer. Juveniles and sub-adults enter estuaries and coastal lagoons (Ref. 3593). Both adults and juveniles are migratory moving along shore or offshore-onshore in response to temperature change (Ref. 11025). Feed on fishes and swimming crustaceans. |
|
(Ref. 96402)
|
| harmless |
|
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