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Epinephelus polyphekadion (Bleeker, 1849) Camouflage grouper |
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Camouflage grouper Lapu-lapu, Abo-abo, Alatan, Bantol, Baraka, Bato-bato, Batol, Camouflage rockcod, Iner, Inid, Jahong, Kakab, Kaltang, Kigting, Kugtong, Kugtung, Kulapo, Kurapo, Labungan, Lapu-lapu, Lapu-lapu, Lapu-lapu, Lapu-lapu, Lapu-lapu, Lapu-lapung lupot, Lilug, Lubo, Mamonbong, Maskad, Matkad, Ogaw, Pugapo, Pugapo, Pugayo, Salingukod, Sibog, Sigapo, Subla, Tabadlo, Tangk-an, Ting-ad, Tingag, Tingag, |
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photo by
Randall, J.E. |
| Family: | Serranidae (Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets), subfamily: Epinephelinae | |||
| Max. size: | 90 cm SL (male/unsexed) | |||
| Environment: | reef-associated; depth range 1 - 46 m, oceanodromous | |||
| Distribution: | Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and east coast of Africa to French Polynesia. In the western Pacific it ranges from southern Japan to southern Queensland and Lord Howe Island. Often confused with Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. | |||
| Diagnosis: | Dorsal spines (total): 11-11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14-15; Anal spines: 3-3; Anal soft rays: 8-8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: pale brown color; head, body and fins covered by numerous small dark brown spots; whitish upper half of body with large irregular dark blotches and dark saddle on upper tail base; body scales ctenoid in broad zone on side from beneath pectoral fin to caudal peduncle, cycloid elsewhere; body with auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 2.7-3.1 in SL; rounded caudal fin; short pelvic fins, 1.9-2.4 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.3-2.5 times in SL; flat interorbital area, evenly convex dorsal head profile; rounded preopercle, serrae at angle slightly enlarged; very convex upper edge of operculum; posterior nostril diameter about twice diameter of anterior nostrils; maxilla reaches to or beyond vertical at rear edge of eye; 2-3 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw; front of jaws with inconspicuous fixed canines (Ref. 89707). | |||
| Biology: | Usually found in coral-rich areas of lagoon and outer reefs; in caves and large crevices to swim through (Ref. 48635). Most abundant around islands, particularly atolls. Usually in small schools. Feeds mainly on crustaceans (portunid crabs) and fishes, sometimes on cephalopods and gastropods. In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Frequently ciguatoxic in the Marshall Is. (Ref. 37816). Solitary (Ref 90102). | |||
| IUCN Red List Status: | Near Threatened (Ref. 96402) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group | |||
| Threat to humans: | reports of ciguatera poisoning | |||
| Country info: | Known from Sibuyan, Romblon (Ref. 58652) and Lanuza Bay (Ref. 104756). Museum: Tawi-tawi, USNM 170787. Endeavour Strait, NW Palawan, USNM 170618. Tulmalutan Is., USNM 170791. Mompog Is., USNM 170619. Bolinao, AMS I.21901-006. Also Ref. 4787, 5222. | |||
| Entered by: Capuli, Estelita Emily - 16.10.92 |
| Modified by: Valdestamon, Roxanne Rei - 11.03.13 |
| Checked by: Garilao, Cristina V. - 16.01.97 |