Pardachirus marmoratus (Lacepède, 1802)
Finless sole
Pardachirus marmoratus
photo by Randall, J.E.

 Family:  Soleidae (Soles)
 Max. size:  26 cm TL (male/unsexed)
 Environment:  reef-associated; depth range 1 - 15 m
 Distribution:  Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea and Persian Gulf to Durban, South Africa and Sri Lanka (Ref. 30573).
 Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 63-74; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 48-55; Vertebrae: 37-39
 Biology:  Occurs in shallow coastal waters, on sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 30573). Feeds mainly on bottom living invertebrates. Marketed fresh. Produces a bitter toxic substance from the bases of the dorsal and anal fin rays that deters predation, even by sharks (Ref. 9710) and thus may prove valuable as a shark repellent (Ref. 4537).
 IUCN Red List Status: Not Evaluated  (Ref. 96402)
 Threat to humans:  other
 Country info:  Outside distributional range, occurrence needs further confirmation.

 Entered by: Torres, Armi G. - 04.03.94
 Modified by: Froese, Rainer - 06.05.02
 Checked by: Froese, Rainer - 05.03.94

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