Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus (Bleeker, 1857)
Double-ended pipefish

Dagum-dagum

Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus
photo by Honeycutt, K.

 Family:  Syngnathidae (Pipefishes and seahorses), subfamily: Syngnathinae
 Max. size:  40 cm TL (male/unsexed)
 Environment:  reef-associated; depth range 1 - 42 m
 Distribution:  Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa (Ref. 4281) to New Caledonia, north to southern Japan; Mariana Islands in Micronesia.
 Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 24-32; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 4-4. Brownish in color, usually with small spots on trunk (Ref. 4281). Description: Characterized by variable color, ranging from whitish or yellowish to blackish; usually 9 caudal rays in juvenile, vestigial or absent in adult; rings 21-24 + 55-63; discontinuous superior trunk and tail ridges; inferior trunk ridge ends at anal ring; confluent lateral trunk ridge with inferior tail ridge; length of snout 1.5-2.0 in head length; depth of snout 5.2-11.1 in snout length; head length 9.9-13.0 in SL (Ref. 90102).
 Biology:  Inhabits subtidal lagoon and seaward reefs, usually among algae or seagrasses (Ref. 9710). Most are seen on sand and mud areas, prone to currents; usually soft bottom to about 25 m (Ref. 48635). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205).
 IUCN Red List Status:   (Ref. 96402)
 Threat to humans:  harmless
 Country info:  Known from Calamianes Islands, northern Palawan (Ref. 48613).

 Entered by: Capuli, Estelita Emily - 16.06.92
 Modified by: Luna, Susan M. - 01.03.13
 Checked by: Capuli, Estelita Emily - 25.08.94

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