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Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 0 - 60 m (Ref. 9294), usually 0 - 28 m (Ref. 9294). Tropical, preferred ?; 33°N - 5°S, 116°W - 76°W (Ref. 56830)

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Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 55763); common length : 21.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9294)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 98-109; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 82 - 92; Vertebrae: 52 - 57. Body flat and elongated, with an oval anterior border; both eyes on left side; dorsal fin with 98 to 109 rays; anal fin with 82 to 92 rays; caudal fin with 12 rays; body light to dark brown, usually with 6 to 8 transverse bars of contrasting color; lower half operculum on the eyed side with a large dark stain; dorsal and anal fins progressively darker distally (Ref. 55763).

Common over muddy bottoms in estuaries and mangroves (Ref. 9294).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider, 1995. Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9294)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Least Concern (LC)

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial

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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00574 - 0.02638), b=3.05 (2.86 - 3.24), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; Based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Symphurus chabanaudi Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990