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Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335). More on author: Jordan.

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range ? - 25 m (Ref. 55763). Tropical, preferred ?; 32°N -

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2272); common length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9330)

Adults are found in estuaries and up to 22 m depth (Ref. 9330), on sand or mud bottoms (Ref. 11482), common in some zones (Ref. 9330). They feed on fish (Ref. 28023). Marketed fresh or frozen (Ref. 9330).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Hensley, D.A., 1995. Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Data deficient (DD)

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: experimental

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More information

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Age/Size
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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00316 - 0.01588), b=3.15 (2.97 - 3.33), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Fec=220,000).

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams, 1897