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Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Siluriformes (Catfish) > Heteropneustidae (Airsac catfishes)
Etymology: Heteropneustes: Greek, heteros = other + Greek, pneo = to breath (Ref. 45335).

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Freshwater; brackish; demersal; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: ? - 30; depth range ? - 1 m (Ref. 105091). Tropical; 21°C - 25°C (Ref. 2060), preferred ?; 33°N - 5°N, 64°E - 97°E

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Asia: Pakistan and Sri Lanka to Myanmar.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ?, range 12 - ? cm
Max length : 31.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 89109)

Adults found mainly in ponds, ditches, swamps and marshes, but sometimes occur in muddy rivers. Can tolerate slightly brackish water. Omnivorous. Breed in confined waters during the monsoon months, but can breed in ponds, derelict ponds and ditches when sufficient rain-water accumulates. Oviparous, distinct pairing possibly like other members of the same family (Ref. 205). In great demand due to its medicinal value. Venomous fish, from its pectoral spines (Ref. 94495).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Eggs are deposited in a depression usually excavated by both parents in mud, in shallow water. Parents guard the eggs and young until they can fend for themselves which lasts for about one month (Ref. 6028).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. (Ref. 4833)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Least Concern (LC)

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Traumatogenic (Ref. 4716)

Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: commercial

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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00151 - 0.01004), b=3.13 (2.91 - 3.35), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.23; tm=1; Fec=4,200).

Prior r = 0.58, 2 SD range = 0.24 - 1.39, log(r) = -0.54, SD log(r) = 0.43, Based on: 6 K, 2 tgen, 4 Fec records

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794)