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Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Cynoglossinae
Etymology: Cynoglossus: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, glossa = tongue (Ref. 45335).

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 10 - 110 m (Ref. 2683). Tropical, preferred ?; 22°N - 18°S, 18°W - 14°E

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Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania to Angola (Ref. 81291) Found in estuaries and also in freshwater lagoons of West Africa (Ref. 81291).

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 66.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6806); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2683)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 119-125; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 93 - 99. Diagnosis: flat and elongate body, slightly tapering backwards; snout broadly rounded, its rostral hook rather short, extending to level of anterior nostril; mouth hook-shaped; eyes small and placed on left side of head, separated by wide interorbital space; preopercular margin not free, covered by skin and scales; dorsal and anal fins lacking spinous rays and confluent with caudal fin; pectoral fins absent or rudimentary; only the pelvic fin of eyed side present, united to anal fin; small ctenoid scales on eyed side and cycloid scales on blind side; median lateral line on blind side (Ref. 81291).

Found on sand and mud bottoms of coastal waters (Ref. 2683). Feeds on mollusks, shrimps, crabs and fish (Ref. 28587). Sold as frozen filet under the name 'filets de sole' (Ref. 5377). Caught in freshwater lagoons of West Africa (Ref. 81291).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

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Menon, A.G.K., 1977. A systematic monograph of the tongue soles of the genus Cynoglossus Hamilton-Buchanan (Pisces: Cynoglossidae). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (238):1-129. (Ref. 5297)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Near Threatened (NT)

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial

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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00176 - 0.00823), b=3.10 (2.92 - 3.28), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.58 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.10).

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (64 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Cynoglossus senegalensis (Kaup, 1858)