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Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Trachinotinae
Etymology: Trachinotus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek,noton = back (Ref. 45335).
Lingkungan / Klimat / Range
Ekologi
; laut; payau berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 36 m (Ref. 3277), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 55175). Subtropical, preferred ?; 42°N - 25°S, 100°W - 30°W (Ref. 55175)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to southeastern Brazil, including Bahamas and many of the West Indies.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 54.7, range 48 - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 40637); common length : 94.0 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 3277); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 36.0 kg (Ref. 5217); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 23 Tahun (Ref. 42149)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 6 - 7; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 18-21; Duri dubur 2-3; Sirip dubur lunak: 16 - 18. Dorsal and anal fins have very long, dark anterior lobes (Ref. 26938). No scutes; a broad patch of orange-yellow on abdomen in front of anal fin; pectoral fins blackish (Ref. 13442).
Adults frequently in channels or holes, over sandy flats, around reefs, and at times over mud bottoms; usually solitary or in small schools; smaller fish tolerate brackish water. Spawn offshore (Ref. 26938). During the summer, juveniles are found in large schools especially in the surf zone along sandy beaches. Adults feed on mollusks, crabs, shrimps, and small fishes; juveniles on benthic invertebrates. Excellent food fish (Ref. 9626). Highly esteemed game fish caught on light tackle (Ref. 26938).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Budidaya air: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya; Akuarium: Akuarium publik
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03090 (0.01461 - 0.06537), b=2.88 (2.69 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
69278): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (tm=3; tmax=23).
Prior r = 0.49, 2 SD range = 0.3 - 0.80, log(r) = -0.71, SD log(r) = 0.25, Based on: 1 K, 3 tgen, 1 tmax, records
keancaman (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100) .
