分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Actinopterygii
輻鰭魚綱 (條鰭魚) >
Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Umbrina: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335). More on author: Cuvier.
環境 / 氣候 / 範圍
生態學
; 海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 5 - 15 m. , preferred ?; 38°N - 30°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Bahamas and Virginia and Texas (USA) to Recife, Brazil. Including Antilles and northern South America (Ref. 26938).
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9626); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702)
Inhabits the surf zone along sandy beaches, but in clear water. Also occurs over muddy bottoms in estuaries and sometimes near coral reef areas. Feeds on small crustaceans washed out of sand by the surf (Ref. 5521). Large specimens are marketed mostly fresh; smaller ones are used as bait.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: occasionally
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學基因序列遺傳率疾病加工Mass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00507 - 0.01430), b=3.11 (2.97 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
69278): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
瀕危性 (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100) .
