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Gadiformes (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Pollachius: Scottish dialect, podlock, paddle = bumpfish (Ref. 45335).
البيئة / مناخ / المدى
البيئة
; بحري القاع; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 37 - 364 m (Ref. 5951). Temperate, preferred 6°C (Ref. 107945); 77°N - 33°N, 76°W - 35°E
Eastern Atlantic: Barents Sea, Spitsbergen to Bay of Biscay, around Iceland. Western Atlantic: southwest Greenland, Hudson Strait to North Carolina, although rare at the extremes of the range. Migrations for spawning are known to occur. Also long-distance north-south migrations for Europe and the US.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 39.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 1371); common length : 60.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4645); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 32.0 kg (Ref. 7251); العمر: 25 سنين (Ref. 1371)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع): 0; شوكة شرجية 0. Chin barbel small. Lateral line smooth along its entire length. Body color is brownish-green dorsally, becoming only slightly paler ventrally. The lateral line pale.
An active, gregarious fish occurring inshore and offshore waters. Usually enters coastal waters in spring and returns to deeper waters in winter (Ref. 9988). Smaller fish in inshore waters feed on small crustaceans (copepods, amphipods, euphausiids) and small fish, while larger fish prey predominantly upon fishes. Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked, canned and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: ذو قيمة تاجرية عالية; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00590 - 0.00775), b=3.05 (3.01 - 3.09), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.4 se; Based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
69278): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (rm=0.55-0.87; K=0.07-0.17; tm=2-10; tmax=25; Fec=220,000).
Prior r = 0.4, 2 SD range = 0.21 - 0.75, log(r) = -0.92, SD log(r) = 0.31, Based on: 2 M, 11 K, 19 tgen, 3 tmax, 4 Fec records
عرضة للخطر (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100) .
