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Gadiformes (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Pollachius: Scottish dialect, podlock, paddle = bumpfish (Ref. 45335).
окружающая среда / климат / Range
экология
; морской демерсальный; мигрирует в океане (Ref. 51243); пределы глубины 37 - 364 m (Ref. 5951). Temperate, preferred 6°C (Ref. 107945); 77°N - 33°N, 76°W - 35°E
Eastern Atlantic: Barents Sea, Spitsbergen to Bay of Biscay, around Iceland. Western Atlantic: southwest Greenland, Hudson Strait to North Carolina, although rare at the extremes of the range. Migrations for spawning are known to occur. Also long-distance north-south migrations for Europe and the US.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm 39.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 1371); common length : 60.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 4645); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 32.0 kg (Ref. 7251); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 25 годы (Ref. 1371)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 0; колючие лучи анального плавника 0. Chin barbel small. Lateral line smooth along its entire length. Body color is brownish-green dorsally, becoming only slightly paler ventrally. The lateral line pale.
An active, gregarious fish occurring inshore and offshore waters. Usually enters coastal waters in spring and returns to deeper waters in winter (Ref. 9988). Smaller fish in inshore waters feed on small crustaceans (copepods, amphipods, euphausiids) and small fish, while larger fish prey predominantly upon fishes. Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked, canned and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: важный объект промысла; объект спортивного рыболовства: да
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00590 - 0.00775), b=3.05 (3.01 - 3.09), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.4 se; Based on diet studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
69278): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (rm=0.55-0.87; K=0.07-0.17; tm=2-10; tmax=25; Fec=220,000).
Prior r = 0.4, 2 SD range = 0.21 - 0.75, log(r) = -0.92, SD log(r) = 0.31, Based on: 2 M, 11 K, 19 tgen, 3 tmax, 4 Fec records
Уязвимость (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100) .
