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Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
محيط زيست / آب و هوا _ اقليم / Range
بوم شناسي
; دريايي; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 0 - 1050 m (Ref. 54256), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 54256). Subtropical, preferred 17°C (Ref. 107945); 67°N - 19°S, 26°W - 41°E (Ref. 54256)
Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic: Norway to South Africa, round the coast to Maputo.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 23.9, range 21 - 30 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3197); common length : 22.0 cm FL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3397); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 2.0 kg (Ref. 27584)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل): 9; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل): 30-36; خارهاي باله مخرجي 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 24 - 32. Bluish green, grey or black above, silvery white below; opercle with black spot (Ref. 3197). Lateral scales tall and keeled. Gill cover with a distinct black spot. First dorsal fin tall (Ref. 35388).
Adults form large schools in coastal areas with sandy substrate. They feed on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Females lay 140,000 eggs, which hatch into 5mm long larvae (Ref. 35388). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Divided into two stocks: West stock and North Sea stock. West stock spawns in a belt from the Biscay to Ireland in early spring, migrates north and eastwards to southern Norway and northern North Sea. North Sea stock spawns in the southern North Sea in summer, migrates to central North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat.
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: با ارزش تجاري بالا; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله; طعمه: usually
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00754 - 0.00918), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; Based on diet studies.
جهندگی (Ref.
69278): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.12-0.16; tm=2-4; tmax=11; Fec=70,000).
Prior r = 0.47, 2 SD range = 0.22 - 0.98, log(r) = -0.76, SD log(r) = 0.37, Based on: 25 K, 17 tgen, 19 Fec records
آسيب پذيری (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100) .
