Classification / Names
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ऐकटीनोप्टीरेजी (रेज़-फिन्नढ मछलियाँ) >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes) > Merlucciinae
Etymology: Macruronus: Greek, makros = great + Greek, onos = hake.
पर्यावरण / जलवायु / सीमा
पारिस्थितिकी
; समुद्री; खारा बेनथोपिलाजिक; औशिनोड़िरोमस; गहराई सीमा 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 26566), usually 200 - 700 m (Ref. 9563). Subtropical, preferred 14°C (Ref. 107945); 15°S - 55°S, 111°E - 173°W (Ref. 58452)
Southwest Pacific: New Zealand and southern Australia.
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 65 - 70 cm
Max length : 120 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 1371); 130.0 cm TL (female); common length : 80.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 1371); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 1.5 kg (Ref. 1371); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 1.5 kg; अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 25 वर्षो (Ref. 6390)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण): 12 - 13; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण): 96-106; गुदा कांटा 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 89 - 93; जानवरों की रीड़ का जोड़: 78 - 81. Dorsal surface silvery, with a purple or blue-green tinge; plank and belly silvery; fins darker. Body very elongate and compressed with a tapering tail, dorsal and anal fins confluent with the caudal fin (Ref. 33856).
Appear to live usually on or near the bottom, but may occasionally move up into mid-waters. Large adult fish generally occur deeper than 400 m, while juveniles may be found in shallower water (Ref. 9072), more commonly found in large estuaries and bays, and may even enter freshwaters (Ref. 1371). Juvenile specimens and especially adults belonging to the American subspecies, have been caught from the coastal zone to 110 m (Ref. 58452). Form schools. Feed primarily on lantern fishes. In New Zealand, it feeds in midwater on small fish, crustaceans and squid. Oviparous, spawn 1 million eggs on the average which are released all at one time (Ref. 6390). Utilized fresh and frozen; can be steamed, fried, cooked in microwave and baked (Ref. 9988).
Female blue grenadier produce about 1 million eggs on average, which are all released at once (Ref. 6390).
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00237 - 0.00639), b=3.00 (2.86 - 3.14), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
69278): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (K=0.12-0.2; tm=3-7; tmax=25; Fec = 1,000,000).
Prior r = 0.4, 2 SD range = 0.21 - 0.77, log(r) = -0.92, SD log(r) = 0.32, Based on: 1 M, 11 K, 8 tgen, 1 tmax, 1 Fec records
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100) .
