Elasmobranchi (squali e razze) (sharks and rays) >
Torpediniformes (Electric rays) >
Narcinidae (Numbfishes)
Etymology: Narcine: Greek, narke = numbness (Ref. 45335).
Ambiente / Clima / Range
Ecologia
; marino associati a barriera corallina; distribuzione batimetrica 1 - 43 m (Ref. 13608). Subtropical, preferred ?; 37°N - 39°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Espirito Santo, Brazil to northern Argentina (Carvalho, pers. comm.). North Carolina, USA to Florida, northern Gulf of Mexico, central Lesser Antilles and Yucatan (Ref. 26938).
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm 28.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 54.0 cm WD maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 26340); common length : 35.0 cm WD maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5217); Peso massimo pubblicato: 650.00 g (Ref. 6902)
Short description
Morfologia | Morfometria
A pale sand-colored ray, often with ellipses of dark spots on dorsal side of rounded disk (Ref. 26938). Grayish to reddish brown, many rounded blotches outlined with blackish spots. Dark bands across tail up to dorsal fin. Snout darkened (Ref. 7251).
Inhabits coastal waters, on sand or mud bottoms (Ref. 26340). Common along sandy shorelines, sometimes near coral reefs (Ref. 12951). Buries itself with only eyes protruding (Ref. 12951). Nocturnal, moves to shallow bays at night to feed; prefers worms, but may take juvenile snake eels, anemones, and, small crustaceans (Ref. 12951). Produces broods of 4 to 15 young (Ref. 26938). Can discharge between 14 and 37 volts. Contact with the skin can produce a severe electric shock. In addition to the main electric organ, this species possesses a bilateral accessory electric organ (Ref. 10011) speculated to have a possible role in social communication (Ref. 10489). Reported to taste good, but not fished commercially. Traded as an aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Ovoviviparous. Sex ratio of embryos is about one to one, however, small mothers may have predominantly female embryos and that for a given mother, embryos tend to be of one sex (Ref. 46979). Maximum number of embryos per female may reach 15. The young are capable of giving off electric charges even before they are released from the womb (Ref. 46978).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Human uses
Pesca: pesca di sussistenza; Acquario: Commerciale
Informazioni ulteriori
Age/SizeAccrescimentoLength-weightLength-lengthLength-frequenciesMorfometriaMorfologiaLarveDinamica popolazioni larvaliReclutamentoAbbondanza
BibliografiaAcquacolturaProfilo di acquacolturaVarietàGeneticaFrequenze allelicheEreditarietàMalattieElaborazioneMass conversion
CollaboratoriImmaginiStamps, CoinsSuoniCiguateraVelocitàModalità di nuotoArea branchialeOtolithsCervelliVista
Strumenti
Special reports
Download XML
Fonti Internet
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00542 - 0.02024), b=2.90 (2.72 - 3.08), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; Based on diet studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
69278): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (Assuming fecundity<100).
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100) .
