分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Actinopterygii
輻鰭魚綱 (條鰭魚) >
Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335). More on author: Nichols.
環境 / 氣候 / 範圍
生態學
; 海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 306 m (Ref. 58489), usually 10 - 70 m. , preferred 16°C (Ref. 107945); 2°N - 51°S, 106°E - 79°W (Ref. 54929)
South Pacific and Southwestern Atlantic: Eastern Central and South Pacific: off Peru and Chile (Ref. 27363), incl. incidental in Juan Fernández Is. (Ref. 89357). Reported from off Ecuador (Ref. 9283). Southwest Pacific: off New Zealand (Ref. 5755). Southwestern Atlantic: off southern Argentina (Ref. 27363)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 39 - 42 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9283); common length : 45.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9283); 最大年齡: 16 年 (Ref. 26956)
背棘 (總數): 9; 背的軟條 (總數): 31-35; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 27 - 29. Body elongated and little compressed; teeth small and uniseriate; lower branch of first gill arch with 42 to 45 gill rakers; edge of shoulders girdle (cleithrum) with a small furrow at its upper end but lacking papillae; lateral line completely scaled, the scales becoming large scutes posteriorly; scutes in the area of the median curve 1.1 to 1.6 times the diameter of the eye; nape and back metallic blue or dark gray; flanks and belly pale; dorsal edge of operculum with a black stain (Ref. 55763). Body elongate and slightly compressed. Body dark blue dorsally, silvery-white ventrally. Black spot on upper posterior margin of opercle. Fins dusky (Ref. 37339). Pectoral fin falcate and very long (Ref. 27363).
Adults are found in the shore and open oceanic waters, in schools. They feed mainly on fish larvae and small crustaceans. Marketed fresh (Ref. 9283). Utilized canned for human consumption and also made into fishmeal (Ref. 9988). The species is often found in Juan Fernández Is. as an incidental catch of Pseudocaranx chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) fisheries (Ref. 89357).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9283)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
更多資訊
合作者照片Stamps, Coins聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00773 - 0.01958), b=2.92 (2.78 - 3.06), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
69278): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.09-0.11; tmax=16).
瀕危性 (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100) .
