分類 / Names
共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
条鰭類 >
Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Serranidae (Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets) > Epinephelinae
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
環境 / 気候 / 範囲
生態学
; 海 関連する礁; 深さの範囲 6 - 200 m (Ref. 2334). Tropical, preferred 28°C (Ref. 107945); 35°N - 33°S, 29°E - 180°E (Ref. 5222)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and the Persian Gulf to Natal, South Africa and east to Fiji, north to Japan, south to the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and northern Australia. Recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Appears to be absent from Micronesia, Polynesia, and most islands of the western Indian Ocean. Often confused with Epinephelus chlorostigma.
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 20.0, range 19 - ? cm
Max length : 47.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 27266); common length : 35.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5450); 最大公表体重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 27266); 最大記録サイズ: 15 年 (Ref. 27352)
背面の脊椎 (合計): 11; 背鰭 (合計): 15-17; 肛門の骨 3; 臀鰭: 8. Characterized by grey to whitish color with numerous close-set orange to brown spots, becoming smaller and increase in number as growth increases; narrow white margin on tail; body scales ctenoid, cycloid scales on thorax and ventrally on abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; moderately elongate body, greatest depth 2.7-3.3 in SL; truncate or slightly emarginate caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.6-2.1 in head length (Ref. 90102).
Usually found in seagrass beds or on fine sediment bottoms near rocky reefs, dead coral, or alcyonarians (Ref. 5222), in shallow continental shelf waters (Ref. 27353). Juveniles are common at water depths to 80 m (Ref. 6390). Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Feed on fish and benthic invertebrates, primarily prawns and crabs (Ref. 4787, 27354).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Human uses
水産業: 商業; 水産養殖: 商業
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00975 - 0.01292), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.3 se; Based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
69278): 低い, ４．５年～１４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.31; tm=2; tmax=25; Fec = 22,128).
Prior r = 0.56, 2 SD range = 0.31 - 1.02, log(r) = -0.58, SD log(r) = 0.3, Based on: 4 K, 1 tgen, 2 tmax, 2 Fec records
弱み (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100) .
