分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Actinopterygii
輻鰭魚綱 (條鰭魚) >
Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Labridae (Wrasses)
Etymology: Labrus: Name from Latin 'labrum' for lip, rim or edge; referring to the big lips of the fishes of the genus (from Ovid and Pliny according to Petrus Artedi)..
環境 / 氣候 / 範圍
生態學
; 海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 50 m (Ref. 5292), usually 2 - 30 m (Ref. 35388). , preferred 11°C (Ref. 107945); 64°N - 27°N, 32°W - 19°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Morocco, including Madeira, the Azores and the Canary Islands. Doubtful reports from Mediterranean, Adriatic and Marmara seas (Ref. 4742), where it is often confused with Labrus merula.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 65.9 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4742); 最大體重: 4.4 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 29 年 (Ref. 6843)
Body rather massive. Mouth small with thick lips and large conical teeth. Coloration very variable, brownish and greenish predominating (Ref. 35388).
Adults are found in littoral (10-20 m) zone around rocks, offshore reefs, and seaweed. Young often in intertidal areas. All are born females and change sex when they are 4-14 years old (Ref. 35388). One (or more) female spawns in nest of algae, built by male in a crevice. Feed on crustaceans and mollusks (Ref. 4742). Oviparous (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Eggs are laid in nest built from algae; male guards nest 1-2 weeks until larvae hatch (Ref. 35388); larvae are pelagic.
Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras, 1986. Labridae. p. 919-942. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4742)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00524 - 0.01741), b=3.06 (2.90 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.0 se; Based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
69278): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.1; tmax=29; tm=2-9).
Prior r = 0.31, 2 SD range = 0.13 - 0.73, log(r) = -1.17, SD log(r) = 0.44, Based on: 3 K, 3 tgen, 1 tmax, 1 Fec records
瀕危性 (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100) .
