Actinopterygii
輻鰭魚綱 (條鰭魚) >
Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Trachinotinae
Etymology: Lichia: Greek, lichia = corpse like skin colour.
環境 / 氣候 / 範圍
生態學
; 海洋; 半鹹淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 3197). , preferred 26°C (Ref. 107945); 47°N - 28°S
Eastern Atlantic: southern Bay of Biscay to South Africa, including the Mediterranean. Western Indian Ocean: South Africa to Delagoa Bay, Lourenço Marques.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 60 - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 57392); common length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3197); 最大體重: 50.0 kg (Ref. 27584)
背棘 (總數): 8; 背的軟條 (總數): 19-21; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 21. Diagnosis: body elongate, moderately deep and compressed; dorsal profile of head almost straight, ending in a pointed snout; eyes relatively small; upper jaw slender and rounded posteriorly, ending below or beyond posterior eye margin; 2 dorsal fins, 1st with 7 spines with only their bases connected by a membrane, 2nd with 1 spine and 19-21 soft rays; anal fin with 2 detached spines followed by 1 spine and 17-21 soft rays; pectoral fins short, comprised 1.5-1.8 times in head length; scales small, those on breast oval to strongly lanceolate, and partially embedded in the skin; lateral line very irregular and wavy, describing a convex curve over, and a concave curve behind pectoral fins; no lateral-line scutes (Ref. 57392). Brown above, silvery white below lateral line; lobes of dorsal and anal fins black distally; juveniles (to at least 12 cm fork length) with brownish black bars on sides (Ref. 3197, 57392).
Marine, coastal pelagic species (Ref. 57392). Adults are found in coastal waters including estuaries. Occasionally entering lower reaches of rivers like the Kunene and Orange Rivers in Namibia (Ref. 52863). Juveniles often entering estuaries (Ref. 57392). Feed mainly on fish; juveniles prefer crustaceans (Ref. 4332). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Popular game fish (Ref. 3197).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
更多資訊
合作者照片Stamps, Coins聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00984 - 0.01850), b=2.95 (2.86 - 3.04), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.8 se; Based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
69278): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm=2).
瀕危性 (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100) .
