Actinopterygii (Straalvinnigen) >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335). More on author: Jordan, Gilbert.
Omgeving / Klimaat / Range
Ecologie
; marien; brakwater demersaal; diepteverspreiding ? - 43 m (Ref. 89891). Subtropical, preferred ?; 37°N - 26°N, 98°W - 60°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Texas in USA, but absent from southern Florida.
Size / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 35 cm
Max length : 83.0 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 3275); Maximaal gepubliceerd gewicht: 9.3 kg (Ref. 4699); Maximaal vermelde leeftijd: 8 jaren (Ref. 46275)
A cryptic species that tolerates low salinities; occurs frequently in brackish bays and estuaries, even on occasion in fresh water (Ref. 9988). Adults are found mostly over mud bottoms in estuaries and coastal waters to about 40 m depth. Taken by anglers inshore from bridges, jetties and small boats. They move to deeper water in winter, but are still easily accessible (Ref. 9988). Adults feed chiefly on fishes, also on crabs and shrimps. Juveniles take mainly small bottom-living invertebrates. Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Gevaarlijk voor mensen
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; vis voor de hengelsport: ja
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00382 - 0.00951), b=3.18 (3.05 - 3.31), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.48 se; Based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
69278): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.21-0.23; tmax=8).
Prior r = 0.67, 2 SD range = 0.45 - 1.02, log(r) = -0.4, SD log(r) = 0.21, Based on: 1 M, 3 K, 1 tgen, 1 tmax, 1 Fec records
Kwetsbaarheid (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100) .
