ສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ / ສະພາບອາກາດ / ລະຍະ
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
; ສັດທະເລ; ນ້ຳກ່ອຍ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ ? - 43 m (Ref. 89891). Subtropical, preferred ?; 37°N - 26°N, 98°W - 60°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Texas in USA, but absent from southern Florida.
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - 35 cm
Max length : 83.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 3275); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 9.3 kg (Ref. 4699); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 8 ປີ (Ref. 46275)
A cryptic species that tolerates low salinities; occurs frequently in brackish bays and estuaries, even on occasion in fresh water (Ref. 9988). Adults are found mostly over mud bottoms in estuaries and coastal waters to about 40 m depth. Taken by anglers inshore from bridges, jetties and small boats. They move to deeper water in winter, but are still easily accessible (Ref. 9988). Adults feed chiefly on fishes, also on crabs and shrimps. Juveniles take mainly small bottom-living invertebrates. Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ
ເຄື່ອງມື
Special reports
Download XML
ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00382 - 0.00951), b=3.18 (3.05 - 3.31), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.48 se; Based on food items.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
69278): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (K=0.21-0.23; tmax=8).
Prior r = 0.67, 2 SD range = 0.45 - 1.02, log(r) = -0.4, SD log(r) = 0.21, Based on: 1 M, 3 K, 1 tgen, 1 tmax, 1 Fec records
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100) .