分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Actinopterygii
辐鳍鱼纲 (条鳍鱼) >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335). More on author: Jordan, Gilbert.
环境 / 气候 / 范围
生态学
; 海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 43 m (Ref. 89891). , preferred ?; 37°N - 26°N, 98°W - 60°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Texas in USA, but absent from southern Florida.
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 35 cm
Max length : 83.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3275); 最大体重: 9.3 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 8 年 (Ref. 46275)
A cryptic species that tolerates low salinities; occurs frequently in brackish bays and estuaries, even on occasion in fresh water (Ref. 9988). Adults are found mostly over mud bottoms in estuaries and coastal waters to about 40 m depth. Taken by anglers inshore from bridges, jetties and small boats. They move to deeper water in winter, but are still easily accessible (Ref. 9988). Adults feed chiefly on fishes, also on crabs and shrimps. Juveniles take mainly small bottom-living invertebrates. Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00382 - 0.00951), b=3.18 (3.05 - 3.31), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.48 se; Based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
69278): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.21-0.23; tmax=8).
Prior r = 0.67, 2 SD range = 0.45 - 1.02, log(r) = -0.4, SD log(r) = 0.21, Based on: 1 M, 3 K, 1 tgen, 1 tmax, 1 Fec records
脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100) .
