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References Used for Iraq (IRQ)
n = 98
Ref. No. Description
43 Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO.
48 Shireman, J.V. and C.R. Smith, 1983. Synopsis of biological data on the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1884). FAO Fish. Synop. No.135, 86 p.
55 Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO.
168 Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p.
188 Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO.
189 Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO.
244 Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO.
247 Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO.
402 Carpenter, K.E., 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 8. Fusilier fishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of caesionid species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(8):iv+75p.
559 Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text).
1602 Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p.
2295 Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO.
3109 Hutchins, J.B., 1984. Balistidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean Fishing area 51. Vol. 1. Prepared and printed with the support of the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA). FAO, Rome. Vol. 1.
3197 Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 638-661. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
3198 Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith, 1986. Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
3200 Heemstra, P.C. and O. Gon, 1986. Soleidae. p. 868-874. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
3280 Chan, W., F. Talbot and P. Sukhavisidh, 1974. Carangidae. In W. Fischer and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71). Volume 1. FAO, Rome.
3287 Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1984. Carangidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome.
3322 Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Bothidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome. pag. var.
3397 Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome.
3412 McKay, R.J., 1984. Haemulidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var.
3483 Starnes, W.C., 1984. Priacanthidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 3.
3485 Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Psettodidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 3.
3503 Poss, S.G. and K.V. Rama Rao, 1984. Scorpaenidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var.
3505 Menon, A.G.K., 1984. Soleidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var.
3507 Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome.
3517 Haedrich, R.L., 1984. Stromateidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var.
3520 Cressey, R.F. and R.S. Waples, 1984. Synodontidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 4. FAO, Rome.
3540 Hutchins, J.B., 1984. Triacanthidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var.
3810 Russell, B.C., 1990. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 12. Nemipterid fishes of the world. (Threadfin breams, whiptail breams, monocle breams, dwarf monocle breams, and coral breams). Family Nemipteridae. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of nemipterid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(12):149p. Rome: FAO.
3881 IUCN, 1990. 1990 IUCN red list of threatened animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. 288 p.
4537 Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p.
4752 Rose, J.H., 1984. Sphyraenidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var.
4787 Randall, J.E. and P.C. Heemstra, 1991. Revision of Indo-Pacific groupers (Perciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (20):332 p.
4833 Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
5222 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p.
6181 Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p.
6205 McKay, R.J., 1992. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 14. Sillaginid fishes of the world (family Sillaginidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the sillago, smelt or Indo-Pacific whiting species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(14):87p.
9417 Kobayakawa, M., 1989. Systematic revision of the catfish genus Silurus, with description of a new species from Thailand and Burma. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 36(2):155-186.
9772 Sasaki, K., 2001. Sciaenidae. Croakers (drums). p.3117-3174. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp. 2791-3380.
10418 Roberts, T.R., 1994. Systematic revision of Asian bagrid catfishes of the genus Mystus sensu stricto, with a new species from Thailand and Cambodia. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 5(3):241-256.
11028 Goren, M., 1974. The freshwater fishes of Israel. Isr. J. Zool. 23:67-118.
11441 Randall, J.E., 1995. Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p.
12228 FAO, 1996. Aquaculture production statistics 1985-1994. FAO Fish. Circ. 815. 189 p.
13390 Bogutskaya, N.G., 1994. A description of Leuciscus lepidus (Heckel 1843) with comments on Leuciscus and leuciscine - aspinine relationships. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 96(B):599-620.
13609 Krupp, F. and W. Schneider, 1989. The fishes of the Jordan River drainage basin and Azraq Oasis. p. 347-416. In Fauna of Saudi Arabia. vol. 10.
13617 Krupp, F., 1983. Fishes of Saudi Arabia: freshwater fishes of Saudi Arabia and adjacent regions of the Arabian peninsula. Fauna Saudi Arabia 5:568-636.
13686 FAO, 1997. FAO database on introduced aquatic species. FAO Database on Introduced Aquatic Species, FAO, Rome.
27116 McAllister, D.E., 1990. A working list of fishes of the world. Copies available from D.E. McAllister, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada. 2661 p. plus 1270 p. Index.
27139 Huber, J.H., 1996. Killi-Data 1996. Updated checklist of taxonomic names, collecting localities and bibliographic references of oviparous Cyprinodont fishes (Atherinomorpha, Pisces). Société Française d'Ichtyologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, 399 p.
27435 Coad, B.W., 1996. Exotic fish species in the Tigris-Euphrates basin. Zoology in the Middle East 13:71-83.
33021 Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.), 1999. Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in November 1999.
33550 Bogutskaya, N.G., 1997. Contribution to the knowledge of leuciscine fishes of Asia Minor. Part 2. An annotated check-list of leuciscine fishes (Leuciscinae, Cyprinidae) of Turkey with descriptions of a new species and two new subspecies. Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst. 94:161-186.
34024 Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO.
48274 Vari, R.P., 2001. Terapontidae (=Therapontidae, Theraponidae, Teraponidae). Terapon-perches (terapon-grunters). p. 3305-3316. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp. 2791-3380.
51837 Mohamed, A.R.M., L.A.J. Al-Hassan and T.S. Ali, 1993. The presence of a cyprinid fish, Barbus luteus in marine waters of Iraq. Arquivos do Museo Bocage Nova Série 2(25):415-416.
51878 Hussain, N.A., A.K. Naiama and L.A.J. Al-Hassan, 1988. Annotated check list of the fish fauna of Khor Al-Zubair, north west of the Arabian Gulf, Iraq. Acta Ichthyol. Pisc. 18(1):17-24.
68964 Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz, 1997. Living marine resources of Kuwait, eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. 293p + 17 col. plates. Rome, FAO.
74657 Bartley, D.M. (comp./ed.), 2006. Introduced species in fisheries and aquaculture: information for responsible use and control (CD-ROM). Rome, FAO.
82790 Schöter, C., M. Özulug and J. Freyhof, 2009. Capoeta caelestis, a new species from Göksu River, Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 20(3):229-236.
83325 Coad, B.W., 2009. A new species of tooth-carp, Aphanius mesopotamicus, from Iran and Iraq (Actinopterygii, Cyprinodontidae). Zookeys 31:149-163.
93743 Iwatsuki, Y., 2013. Review of the Acanthopagrus latus complex (Perciformes: Sparidae) with descriptions of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. J. Fish Biol. 83:64-95.
95092 Golzarianpour, K., A. Abdoli, R. Patimar and J. Freyhof, 2013. Turcinoemacheilus hafezi, a new loach from the Zagroz Mountains, Iran (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 24(1):41-48.
95680 Amir, S.A., P.J.A. Siddiqui and R. Masroor, 2014. A new sparid fish of genus Sparidentex (Perciformes: Sparidae) from coastal waters of Pakistan (North Western Indian Ocean). Pakistan J. Zool. 46(2):471-477.
96003 Jawad, L.A. and M.E. Al-Badri, 2014. Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl, 1797), Nemipterus zysron (Bleeker, 1856), and Parascolopsis eriomma (Jordan & Richardson, 1909) (Osteichthyes: Lophiidae and Nemipteridae) in the marine waters of Iraq. Zoology in the Middle East 60(2):186-188.
96566 Coad, B.W., 2009. Threatened fishes of the world: Luciobarbus subquincunciatus (Günther, 1868) (Cyprinidae). Environ. Biol. Fish. 86:323.
96765 Ali, A.H., 2013. First record of six shark species in the territorial marine waters of Iraq with a review of cartilaginous fishes of Iraq. Mesopot. J. Mar. Sci.28(1):1-16.
97261 Jawad, L.A. and S. Hussain, 2014. First record of Antennarius indicus (Pisces: Batrachoidiformes: Antennaridae), Equulites elongatus (Pisces: Perciformes: Leignathidae) and second record of Cheilinus lunulatus (Pisces: Perciformes: Labridae) from the marine waters of Iraq. Intl. J. Mar. Sci. 14(40):1-5.
97262 Jawad, L.A., A. Al-Faisal and M. Al-Mukhtar, 2012. Presence of the non-indegenous fish species, Gibel carp, Carassius gibelio (Family: Cyprinidae) in Basrah Province freshwater systems, Iraq. Water Research and Management 2(4):41-44.
97263 Al-Mukhtar, M.A., L.A. Jawad, A.J. Al-Faisal and F. Mustafa, 2011. Dotted grouper, Epinephelus epistictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) (Oscteichthyes: Serranidae), recorded form the marine waters of Iraq. Zoology in the Middle East 54(1):136-138.
97264 Jawad, L.A, S.A. Hussein and K.K. Fahad, 2009. Glyptothorax kurdistanicus (Berg, 1931) (Pisces, Siluriformes, Sisoridae) in the lower reaches of the Tigris River, Iraq. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 25:779-781.
97265 Jawad, L.A., M. Al-Mukhtar and M.S. Faddagh, 2014. Confirmation of the presence of Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chaetodontidae) and Pomacanthus maculosus (Forsskål, 1775) (Pomacanthidae) in Iraqi marine waters, Arabian Gulf. Arxius de Miscel-lánia Zoològica 12:124-129.
97266 Jawad, L.A., M.A. Al-Mukhtar, A.J. Al-Faisal and T. Hammed, 2014. New record of Neobythites steatiticus Alcock, 1894 (Actinopterygii: Ophidiidae) from the marine waters of Iraq. Intl. J. Mar. Scie. 4(32):1-3.
97267 Hussain, S. and L.A. Jawad, 2014. First records of Opisthognathus muscatensis Boulenger, 1888 (Opisthognathidae), Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède, 1801) (Carangidae), and Atrobucca nibe (Jordan & Thompson, 1911) (Sciaenidae) off the Iraq Coast, Arabian Gulf. Intl. J. Mar. Scie. 4(28):253-258.
97269 Jawad, L.A. and M. Ibrahim, 2013. Confirmed record of whitebarred rubberlip, Plectorhinchus playfairi (Pellegrin, 1914) (Pisces: Haemulidae) from Jubail, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf. Intl. J. Mar. Sci. 4(21):194-196.
97270 Jawad, L.A., S.A. Hussein and F. Bulbil, 2011. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) (Tetraodontiformes, Molidae): a rare fish in marine waters of Iraq. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 27:1116-1118.
97537 Jawad, L.A., M.E. Al-Badri and R. Fricke, 2014. New records of thicklips and grunts from the marine waters of Iraq (Teleostei: Haemulidae). J. Ocean Sci. Found. 12:18-24.
97574 Freyhof, J., H.R. Esmaeili, G. Sayyadzadeh and M. Geiger, 2014. Review of the crested loaches of the genus Paracobitis from the Iran and Iraq with the description of four new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 25(1):11-38.
97602 Al-Badri, M.E. and L.A. Jawad, 2014. New fish records from the marine waters of Iraq. Cah. Biol. Mar. 55:431-436.
97603 Jawad, L.A., M.A. Al-Mukhtar, Al-Hilalim H.I., A.J. Al-Faisal and A.M. Al-Derawi, 2014. Occurrence of pineconefish Monocentris japonica (Teleostei: Monocentridae) in the marine waters of Iraq. Mar. Bio. Rec. 7:1-3.
98824 Hamidan, N.A., M.F. Geiger and J. Freyhof, 2014. Garra jordanica, a new species from the Dead Sea basin with remarks on the relationship of G. ghorensis, G. tibanica and G. rufa (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 25(3):223-236.
99122 Ali, A.H., J.M. Abed and M.M. Taher, 2014. First record of saddleback silver-biddy Gerres limbatus Cuvier, 1830 (Pisces: Gerreidae) from Shatt Al-Arab River and marine territorial waters of Iraq. Intl. J. Mar. Sci. 4(59):1-5.
102936 Uiblein, F. and W.T. White, 2015. A new goatfish of the genus Upeneus (Mullidae) from Lombok, Indonesia and first verified record of U. asymmetricus for the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 3980 (1):051-066.
103159 Iwatsuki, Y., S.V. Bogorodsky, F. Tanaka, A.O. Mal and A.H. Ali, 2015. Range extension of Gerres infasciatus (Perciformes: Gerreidae) from the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf, with distributional implications for the G. filamentosus complex. Cybium 39(2):155-160.
103822 Ali, A., 2013. First record of strongspine silver-biddy Gerres longirostris(Lacepède, 1801) (Pisces: Gerreidae) from Iraqi marine territorial waters. Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 26 (Special Issue 1):178-183.
104291 Moravec, F. and H.A. Ali, 2005. Two new species of Philometra (Nematoda: Philometridae) from needlefishes (Belonidae) in Iraq, with a key to Philometra spp. parasitic in the host’s subcutaneous tissue, fins and musculature. Folia Parasitologica 52: 267-273.
105048 Mohamed, A.-R.M., A.K. Resen and M.M. Taher, 2012. Longitudinal patterns of fish community structure in the Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq. Basrah J. Sci., 30(2): 65-84.
105088 Abdullah, J.N., 2004. Productive biology of two Belonidae species in Shatt Al-Arab estuary, southern Iraq. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Science, 17(2):265-277.
105089 Ziyadi, M.S.F., L.A. Jawad, M.A. Almukhtar and T. Pohl, 2015. Day’s goby, Acentrogobius dayi Koumans, 1941 (Pisces: Gobiidae) in the desert Sawa Lake, south-west Baghdad, Iraq. Marine Biodiversity Records, 8(e148):1- 5.
105955 Nader, I. A. and S. Z. Jawdat, 1977. New records of fishes from Iraq. Bulletin of the Biological Research Centre, Baghdad, 8:73-87.
108387 Khamees, N.R., F.T. Mhaisen and A.H. Ali, 2015. Checklists of crustaceans of freshwater and marine fishes of Basrah Province, Iraq. Mesopot. J. Mar. Sci., 30(1):1-32.
108748 Ali, M., L.-P. Zhang, N.K. Al-Salim and L. Li, 2012. Mawsonascaris parva sp. nov. (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from the Arabian whipray Himantura randalli Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto et Moore (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae) off the coast of Iraq. Acta Parasitologica 57(4):367-371.
109283 Coad, B.W., 2010. Freshwater fishes of Iraq. Pensoft Series Faunistica No. 93. Pensoft Publishers, Moscow. 274pp.
114029 Al-Salim, N.K. and A.H. Ali, 2011. First record of three nematode species parasitized some marine fishes in Iraq. Journal of Basra Researches 37(4):17-26.
114223 Russell, B., W.F. Smith-Vaniz, A. Lawrence, K.E. Carpenter, R. Myers and R. Thaman, 2016. Etelis coruscans. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T194382A2327142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T194382A2327142.en. Downloaded on 07 February 2017.
114768 FBIS - Fish Barcode Information System, 2014. Pristipomoides multidens. http://mail.nbfgr.res.in/cgi-bin/fbis/barcodeinfo.pl?1070 [Accessed 23/03/2017].
114953 Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790.
115087 Almukhtar, M.A., A.J. Alfaisal, F. Mustafa, A.M. Hassan, S. Abdulgahni and T. Hammed, 2012. Classification of groupers genus Epinephelus with description of four species for the first time in the Iraqi marine waters. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research 30(4):172-182.
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