Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Parastromateus: Greek, para in the side of + Greek, stromatos = a fish flattened body with a lot of colours (Stromateus sp.) (Ref. 45335).

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; brackish; reef-associated; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 15 - 105 m (Ref. 12260), usually 15 - 40 m (Ref. 54702). Tropical, preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 42°N - 30°S, 32°E - 154°E

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to southern Japan and Australia.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ?, range 22 - 24 cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5284); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3287)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 2 - 6; Dorsal soft rays (total): 41-46; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 35 - 40; Vertebrae: 24. Deep-bodied and strongly compressed fishes. Lateral line ends in weakly-developed scutes on the caudal peduncle. Pelvic fins lost in individuals over 9 cm. Color is brown above, silvery-white below. The anterior parts of the dorsal and anal fins bluish-gray. The other fins yellowish.

Adults inhabit coastal areas with muddy substrate. Found near the bottom during daytime and near the surface at night. They also enter estuaries (Ref. 1479). Normally form large schools (Ref. 5213). Swim on its side near the surface (Ref. 3197). Feed on zooplankton (Ref. 30573). Excellent food fish (Ref. 3197); marketed fresh, may be dried or salted (Ref. 5284).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | Collaborators

Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Not Evaluated

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial

FAO(fisheries: production, species profile; publication : search) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
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Ecology
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Food items
Food consumption
Ration

Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
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Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
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References
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Aquaculture profile
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Ciguatera
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Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02512 (0.01986 - 0.03178), b=2.92 (2.86 - 2.98), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 2.9 ±0.35 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.6).

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795)