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Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens) > Incertae sedis
Etymology: Spratelloides: Old German, sprotte (1611) = a small fish, Clupea sp. + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).

Issue
The species in the genera Spratelloides Bleeker, 1851 and Jenkinsia Jordan & Evermann, 1896 should most probably be assigned to a separated family from Clupeidae and Dussumieriidae (Lavoué, pers. comm., July 2013). See a preliminary analysis in Lavoué et al. (2013: Ref. 93878).

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; pelagic-neritic; depth range ? - 40 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical, preferred 28°C (Ref. 107945); 33°N - 30°S, 39°E - 136°W (Ref. 188)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific, from Red Sea south to Tanzania and east to Samoa (excluding the Cook, Society and Marquesas islands) and the Tuamoto Islands, north to southern Japan and south to western Australia and Kermadec Islands.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ?, range 4 - ? cm
Max length : 10.5 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 54980)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12-13; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 12 - 13. Maxilla toothed, triangular pre-maxillae, 2 supra-maxillae, second supra-maxilla asymmetrical (lower part larger than upper part), vertical striae on scales not meeting at center; W-shaped pelvic scute; few branchiostegal rays (6 or 7).

Usually an inshore schooling species, inhabiting relatively clear waters of coastal, lagoon, and seaward reefs (Ref. 11230). Relative fecundity is 1596 eggs per unit body weight (Ref. 4383). Caught with beach seines, purse seines, ringnets and dipnets. Marketed fresh or dried-salted (Ref. 5213). Used as bait in the tuna fishery.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Oviparous (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Least Concern (LC)

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; bait: usually

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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00287 - 0.00918), b=3.11 (2.95 - 3.27), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.1 ±0.0 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.41-0.44; tm<1).

Prior r = 1.61, 2 SD range = 0.39 - 6.69, log(r) = 0.48, SD log(r) = 0.71, Based on: 1 M, 4 K, 1 tgen, 1 tmax, 4 Fec records

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Spratelloides gracilis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)