Philippines country information

Common names: Alama, Balawis, Balawis
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: McManus, J.W., C.L. Nañola Jr., R.B. Reyes Jr. and K.N. Kesner, 1992
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Recorded in Tañon Strait (Ref. 107276), Calatagan and Nasugbu, Batangas (Ref. 107853), Sorsogon City (Ref. 58652), Bolinao, Pangasinan (Ref. 87989), Pujada Bay, Mindanao (Ref. 111069), and Bantayan Is. in northern Cebu (Ref. 114734). Museum: CAS-SU 21554-58, 21597; AMS I. 10460, 10486, 10562. Western Calatagan, Batangas, UPZM 5447. Also Ref. 1419, 1602, 6956.
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Broad, G., 2003
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Siganidae (Rabbitfishes)
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

褐篮子鱼(云斑篮子鱼), Sandy spinefoot, Fuscescens rabbitfish, ... more

Main reference

Woodland, D.J. 1990. (Ref. 1419)
References | Biblio | Coordinator : Woodland, David J. | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9813); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9813)

Length at first maturity
L_m 5.6 range ? - ? cm

Environment

Marine; brackish; reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 1 - 50 m (Ref. 9813)

Climate / Range

Tropical, preferred ?; 42°N - 37°S, 90°E - 171°E

Distribution

Western Pacific: southern Korea, southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Taiwan, southern China, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Andaman Islands, Indonesia, Philippines, Yap, Palau, Pohnpei (Caroline Islands), Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and Australia. Often misidentified as Siganus canaliculatus (Ref. 2334).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 13. Body olive green or brown above, silvery below; fish frequently with a dark patch below origin of lateral line. Adults become mottled when frightened. Slender, pungent, venomous spines. Preopercular angle 89°-95°. Lower half to 2/3 of cheeks commonly covered with weak, scattered scales. Midline of thorax between pelvic ridges. Differs from S. argenteus in details of coloration and less deeply forked tail (Ref. 37816).

Inhabits algal and seagrass flats and shallow lagoon and coastal reefs (Ref. 9710, 11230). Forms schools. Mainly diurnal. Juveniles feed on filamentous algae, adults feed on leafy algae and seagrasses (Ref. 9710). Commercially cultured in Japan. Commonly found in large estuaries (Ref. 9002). Anterolateral glandular groove with venom gland (Ref. 57406).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Least Concern (LC)

Threat to humans

Venomous (Ref. 4716)

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration

Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
Vision

Tools

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
2.0 ±0.1 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Low vulnerability (21 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
High

Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782)