Classification / Names
Common names from other countries
Main reference
Size / Weight / Age
Max length : 116 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5738); common length : 60.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 55); max. published weight: 32.7 kg (Ref. 5738); max. reported age: 40 years (Ref. 96972)
Length at first maturity
Lm 54.2, range 49 - ? cm
Environment
Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 5 - 180 m (Ref. 6390)
Climate / Range
Tropical, preferred ?; 34°N - 36°S, 34°E - 159°E (Ref. 55)
Distribution
Short description
Dorsal
spines
(total): 11;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 15-16;
Anal
spines: 3;
Anal
soft rays: 10. Dorsal profile of head steeply sloped. Preorbital bone broad. Preopercular notch and knob moderately developed. Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Generally red or pink, darker on the back; fins are red except the pectorals which is pink. Juveniles and small adults have a dark red band from first dorsal spine through eye to tip of snout; a 2nd band from mid-dorsal fin to pelvic fin; a 3rd from base of last dorsal spine to caudal peduncle. Large adults become uniformly red (Ref. 9710). Note: (TL, cm) = 1.00 + 1.24 (SL, cm); n = 828 (Ref. 1450). Body depth 2.6-3.0 in SL (Ref. 90102).
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 11888)
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index
PD50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)
Trophic Level
4.1 ±0.4 se; Based on diet studies.
Resilience
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.13-0.38; tmax=35; Fec=5 million)
Vulnerability
High vulnerability (59 of 100)
Price category