Classification / Names
Common names from other countries
Main reference
Size / Weight / Age
Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3197); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5217); max. published weight: 560.00 g (Ref. 3277)
Length at first maturity
Lm 30.0  range ? - ? cm
Environment
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 7 - 550 m (Ref. 47377), usually 150 - 220 m (Ref. 5217)
Climate / Range
Subtropical, preferred ?; 45°N - 55°S, 102°E - 41°E
Distribution
Pacific Ocean: Japan, Indonesia (Ref. 3197), Australia and the Hawaiian Islands Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to North Carolina, USA to Venezuela (Ref. 7251). Also found in Brazil (Ref. 47377) and in Argentina (Ref. 2806). Eastern Atlantic: St. Helena Island (Ref. 7097). Indian Ocean: off Kenya (Ref. 3287) to off East London, South Africa (Ref. 11228).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions
Short description
Dorsal
spines
(total): 9;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 30-31;
Anal
spines: 3;
Anal
soft rays: 24 - 25. This species is characterized by the following: D VIII+I,30-31+1; A II+I,24-25+1; lateral line scales, curved 61-71 and without scutes, straight 4-10 with 30-40 scutes, total 103-113; gill rakers 10-12 + 30-33; a single series of minute teeth on upper jaw; margin of opercular membrane minutely serrated; color blue to greenish above and slivery below; caudal fin red and tips of dorsal fin rays reddish; presence of a small, black opercular spot (Ref. 3197, 11228).
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; bait: usually
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index
PD50 = 0.5010 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)
Trophic Level
3.2 ±0.32 se; Based on food items.
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Fec=20,000-150,000)
Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (22 of 100)
Price category