Family Malacanthidae - Tilefishes
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Order |
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Class |
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Actinopterygii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 5 | Species : 45 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : Yes |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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some |
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First Fossil Record |
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Miocene |
Ref.. Arambourg, C. 1927 | |
Remark |
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Distribution: Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific.
Depth range 10-500 m (usually 50-200 m). One species (Malacanthus latovittatus) may be found in both marine and brackish water (Goldie River, New Guinea).(Ref. 8991).
One relatively long dorsal fin; total dorsal fin rays 22-64. Relatively long anal fin; 1 or 2 weak spines; soft rays 14-56. Top of head with or without cutaneous ridge. Operculum with one blunt or sharp spine. Branchiostegal rays 6. Truncate, double emarginate, emarginate to forked caudal fin. Vertebrae 24, 25, or 27 (precaudal 10 or 11). Larvae with elaborate spines (elongated and serrate) on the head and scale (Ref. 8991). All species live in a burrow, some in a large rubble mound of their own construction, in pairs or colonies. They feed on benthic invertebrates or zoopankton. Assumed to be nonguarders (RF). Most aquarium specimens are collected with poison and soon die. According to Dooley 1978 (Ref. 8991), the tilefishes are comprised of two morphologically different and evolutionary distinct groups and are distinct enough to be separate families [Branchiostegidae: with genera Branchiostegus, Lopholatilus, Caulolatilus and Malacanthidae: with genera Hoplolatilus and Malacanthus]. |
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Etymology |
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Greek, mala = a lot of + Greek, akantha = thorn ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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nonguarders |
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Typical activity level |
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normal |
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Coordinator |
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Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Euacanthomorphacea | Percomorphaceae | Percomorpharia | Incertae sedis in Percomorpharia | Malacanthidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Malacanthinae | ||||
Malacanthus plumieri (Bloch, 1786) | accepted | senior | new | |
Coryphaena plumieri Bloch, 1786 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Malacanthus trachinus Valenciennes, 1841 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Dikellorhynchus tropidolepis Berry, 1958 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Malacanthus latovittatus (Lacepède, 1801) | accepted | senior | new | |
Labrus latovittatus Lacepède, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Oceanops latovittatus (Lacepède, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
Taenianotus latovittatus (Lacepède, 1802) | ambiguous | other | new | |
Malacanthus taeniatus Valenciennes, 1839 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Malacanthus urichthys Fowler, 1904 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Malacanthus brevirostris Guichenot, 1848 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Malacanthus hoedtii Bleeker, 1859 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
! Malacanthus hoedti Bleeker, 1859 | synonym | junior | original | |
Malacanthus parvipinnis Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Dikellorhynchus incredibilis Smith, 1956 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Hoplolatilus fronticinctus (Günther, 1887) | accepted | senior | new | |
Latilus fronticinctus Günther, 1887 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplolatilus fourmanoiri Smith, 1964 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Asymmetrurus fourmanoiri (Smith, 1964) | synonym | senior | new | |
Hoplolatilus oreni (Clark & Ben-Tuvia, 1973) | accepted | senior | new | |
Asymmetrurus oreni Clark & Ben-Tuvia, 1973 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplolatilus cuniculus Randall & Dooley, 1974 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplolatilus starcki Randall & Dooley, 1974 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplolatilus chlupatyi Klausewitz, McCosker, Randall & Zetzsche, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplolatilus marcosi Burgess, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplolatilus purpureus Burgess, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplolatilus geo Fricke & Kacher, 1982 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplolatilus luteus Allen & Kuiter, 1989 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplolatilus fourmanoiri (non Smith, 1964) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Hoplolatilus pohle Earle & Pyle, 1997 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplolatilus erdmanni Allen, 2007 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplolatilus randalli Allen, Erdmann & Hamilton, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Latilinae | ||||
Branchiostegus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782) | accepted | senior | new | |
Coryphaena japonica Houttuyn, 1782 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Latilus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Brachiostegus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782) | synonym | senior | new | |
Coryphaena branchiostega Linnaeus, 1766 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 1 |
Coryphaenoides hottuynii Lacepède, 1801 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 1 |
! Coryphaenoides houttuynii Lacepède, 1801 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Latilus ruber Kishinouye, 1907 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus argentatus (non Cuvier, 1830) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Branchiostegus argentatus (Cuvier, 1830) | accepted | senior | new | |
Latilus argentatus Cuvier, 1830 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Coryphaena sinensis Lacepède, 1801 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 1 |
Latilus tollardi Chabanaud, 1924 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus tollardi (Chabanaud, 1924) | synonym | junior | new | |
! Branchiostegus tollarai (Chabanaud, 1924) | synonym | junior | new | |
Branchiostegus sericus Herre, 1935 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus japonicus (non Houttuyn, 1782) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Branchiostegus auratus (non Kishinouye, 1907) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Branchiostegus doliatus (Cuvier, 1830) | accepted | senior | new | |
Latilus doliatus Cuvier, 1830 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Latilus argentatus (non Cuvier, 1830) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Branchiostegus auratus (Kishinouye, 1907) | accepted | senior | new | |
Latilus auratus Kishinouye, 1907 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus japonicus auratus (Kishinouye, 1907) | synonym | senior | new | |
Branchiostegus vittatus Herre, 1926 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus ilocanus Herre, 1928 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus semifasciatus (Norman, 1931) | accepted | senior | new | |
Latilus semifasciatus Norman, 1931 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus wardi Whitley, 1932 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus sawakinensis Amirthalingam, 1969 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Branchiotegus japonicus (non Houttuyn, 1782) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Branchiostegus serratus Dooley & Paxton, 1975 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus albus Dooley, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus japonicus (non Houttuyn, 1782) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Branchiostegus argentatus (non Cuvier, 1830) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Branchiostegus australiensis Dooley & Kailola, 1988 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus sp. 1 Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Branchiostegus gloerfelti Dooley & Kailola, 1988 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus sp. 2 Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Branchiostegus doliatus (non Cuvier, 1830) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Branchiostegus hedlandensis Dooley & Kailola, 1988 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus paxtoni Dooley & Kailola, 1988 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Branchiostegus saitoi Dooley & Iwatsuki, 2012 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Caulolatilus chrysops (Valenciennes, 1833) | accepted | senior | new | |
Latilus chrysops Valenciennes, 1833 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Caulolatilus princeps (Jenyns, 1840) | accepted | senior | new | |
Latilus princeps Jenyns, 1840 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Dekaya anomala Cooper, 1863 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Caulolatilus affinis Hildebrand, 1946 | ambiguous | other | original | 2 |
Caulolatilus affinis Gill, 1865 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Caulolatilus cabezon Evermann & Radcliffe, 1917 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Caulolatilus cyanops Poey, 1866 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Caulolatilus microps Goode & Bean, 1878 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Caulolatilus intermedius Howell Rivero, 1936 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Caulolatilus guppyi Beebe & Tee-Van, 1937 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Caulolatilus williamsi Dooley & Berry, 1977 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Caulolatilus dooleyi Berry, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Caulolatilus hubbsi Dooley, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 1 |
Caulolatilus bermudensis Dooley, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Goode & Bean, 1879 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lopholatilus villarii Miranda Ribeiro, 1915 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lopholatilus abbreviatus Lahille, 1930 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |