Family Uranoscopidae - Stargazers
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Order |
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Class |
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Actinopterygii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 8 | Species : 53 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : No |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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none |
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First Fossil Record |
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Remark |
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Distribution: Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific. Scaleless or with small smooth scales. Large cuboidal head. Mouth strongly oblique, with fringed lips. Eyes dorsally located or nearly dorsal. Lateral line high. Pelvic fins jugular and very close to each other. One spine in pelvic fin; soft rays 5. Dorsal fin moderately long; many without spinous dorsal. Anal fin moderately long. Some species use a small vermiform filament originating from floor of mouth for attracting prey fish. Two large poison spines, with double-grooves and a poison gland basally, located behind opercle and above pectorals. Vertebrae 24-26. The genus Astroscopus with internal nostrils for inhalation and electric organs. Feed on benthic fishes and invertebrates. Reproduction unknown but assumed to be nonguarders (RF). |
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Etymology |
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Greek, ourannos = sky + Greek, skopein = to watch ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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nonguarders |
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Typical activity level |
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Coordinator |
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Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Euacanthomorphacea | Percomorphaceae | Percomorpharia | Uranoscopiformes | Uranoscopidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus occidentalis Agassiz, 1831 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus bufo Valenciennes, 1843 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus affinis Cuvier, 1829 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus filibarbis Cuvier, 1829 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus guttatus Cuvier, 1829 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus marmoratus Cuvier, 1829 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus sulphureus Valenciennes, 1832 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Uranoscopus sulphurus Valenciennes, 1832 | synonym | senior | original | |
Uranoscopus bicinctus Temminck & Schlegel, 1843 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus cognatus Cantor, 1849 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Uranoscopus cognathus Cantor, 1849 | synonym | senior | original | |
Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus Kner, 1868 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus oligolepis Bleeker, 1878 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus kaianus Günther, 1880 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus chinensis Guichenot, 1882 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus flavipinnis Kishimoto, 1987 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus crassiceps Alcock, 1890 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus albesca Regan, 1915 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus archionema Regan, 1921 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus haplostoma Regan, 1921 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus tosae (Jordan & Hubbs, 1925) | accepted | senior | new | |
Zalescopus tosae Jordan & Hubbs, 1925 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus oligolepis (non Bleeker, 1878) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Uranoscopus polli Cadenat, 1951 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus scaber (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Uranoscopus cadenati Poll, 1959 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus bauchotae Brüss, 1987 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus dahlakensis Brüss, 1987 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus dollfusi Brüss, 1987 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Uranoscopus marisrubri Brüss, 1987 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Ichthyscopus lebeck (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | accepted | senior | new | |
Uranoscopus lebeck Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Ichthyscopus lebeck lebeck (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Ichthyoscopus lebeck (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
Uranoscopus inermis Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ichthyscopus malacopterus (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830) | accepted | senior | new | |
Uranoscopus malacopterus Anonymous [Bennett], 1830 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Ichthyscopus sannio Whitley, 1936 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Ichthyscopus lebeck sannio Whitley, 1936 | synonym | senior | change in rank | |
Ichthyscopus fasciatus Haysom, 1957 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Ichthyscopus barbatus Mees, 1960 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Ichthyscopus insperatus Mees, 1960 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Ichthyscopus spinosus Mees, 1960 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Ichthyscopus nigripinnis Gomon & Johnson, 1999 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Xenocephalus armatus Kaup, 1858 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Gnathagnus armatus (Kaup, 1858) | synonym | senior | new | |
Xenocephalus elongatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) | accepted | senior | new | |
Uranoscopus elongatus Temminck & Schlegel, 1843 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Gnathagnus elongatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) | synonym | senior | new | |
Gnathagnus elongatus elongatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) | synonym | senior | new | |
Xenocephalus elongatus elongatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) | synonym | senior | new | |
Ariscopus iburius Jordan & Snyder, 1902 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Xenocephalus innotabilis (Waite, 1904) | accepted | senior | new | |
Gnathagnus innotabilis Waite, 1904 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Xenocephalus egregius (Jordan & Thompson, 1905) | accepted | senior | new | |
Execestides egregius Jordan & Thompson, 1905 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Gnathagnus egregius (Jordan & Thompson, 1905) | synonym | senior | new | |
Xenocephalus australiensis (Kishimoto, 1989) | accepted | senior | new | |
Gnathagnus elongatus australiensis Kishimoto, 1989 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Xenocephalus elongatus australiensis (Kishimoto, 1989) | synonym | senior | new | |
Xenocephalus cribratus (Kishimoto, 1989) | accepted | senior | new | |
Gnathagnus cribratus Kishimoto, 1989 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Astroscopus y-graecum (Cuvier, 1829) | accepted | senior | new | |
Uranoscopus y-graecum Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Astroscopus guttatus Abbott, 1860 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Astroscopus sexspinosus (Steindachner, 1876) | accepted | senior | new | |
Uranoscopus sexspinosus Steindachner, 1876 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Astroscopus zephyreus Gilbert & Starks, 1897 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Kathetostoma laeve (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | accepted | senior | new | |
Uranoscopus laevis Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Kathetostoma fluviatilis Hutton, 1872 | accepted | senior | original | 1 |
! Kathetostoma fluviatile Hutton, 1872 | synonym | senior | original | |
Kathetostoma giganteum Haast, 1873 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Kathetostoma laeve (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Kathetostoma averruncus Jordan & Bollman, 1890 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Kathetostoma albigutta Bean, 1892 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Cathetostoma albigutta Bean, 1892 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
! Kathetostoma albiguttata Bean, 1892 | synonym | senior | original | |
Kathetostoma nigrofasciatum Waite & McCulloch, 1915 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Kathetostoma cubana Barbour, 1941 | accepted | senior | change in rank | |
Kathetostoma albigutta cubana Barbour, 1941 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Kathetostoma canaster Gomon & Last, 1987 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Kathetostoma sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Kathetostoma binigrasella Gomon & Roberts, 2011 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Kathetostoma laeve (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Kathetostoma giganteum (non Haast, 1873) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Genyagnus monopterygius (Schneider, 1801) | accepted | senior | new | |
Uranoscopus monopterygius Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pleuroscopus pseudodorsalis Barnard, 1927 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Selenoscopus turbisquamatus Okamura & Kishimoto, 1993 | accepted | senior | original | 1 |