Family Scophthalmidae - Turbots
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Order |
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Class |
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Actinopterygii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 4 | Species : 9 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : Yes |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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none |
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First Fossil Record |
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upper
Tertiary
Miocene |
Ref.. Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
Remark |
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North Atlantic, Baltic, Mediterranean, Black seas. Eyes on left side; mouth large and lower jaw prominent. Both pelvic fin bases elongate. Egg with a single oil globule in the yolk. Maximum length about 1 m in Psetta maxima. |
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Etymology |
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Greek, skopein = to look, watch + Greek, ophthalmos = eye ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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nonguarders |
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Typical activity level |
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sluggish |
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Coordinator |
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Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Euacanthomorphacea | Percomorphaceae | Carangimorpharia | Pleuronectiformes | Pleuronectoidei | Scophthalmidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Scophthalmus rhombus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes rhombus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Scophtalmus rhombus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes laevis Turton, 1802 | synonym | junior | original | 1 |
Rhombus laevis (Turton, 1802) | synonym | junior | new | |
Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes maximus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Psetta maxima maxima (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Rhombus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes turbot Lacepède, 1802 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pleuronectes cyclops Donovan, 1806 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Rhombus magnus Minding, 1832 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Rhombus stellosus Bennett, 1835 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 2 |
Rhombus aculeatus Gottsche, 1835 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Scophthalmus ponticus Ninni, 1932 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 2 |
Pleuronectes maeoticus (non Pallas, 1814) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Psetta maeotica (non Pallas, 1814) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Rhombus maeoticus (non Pallas, 1814) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Scophthalmus maeoticus (non Pallas, 1814) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Scophthalmus maeoticus (Pallas, 1814) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes maeoticus Pallas, 1814 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Psetta maeotica (Pallas, 1814) | synonym | senior | new | |
Psetta maxima maeotica (Pallas, 1814) | synonym | senior | new | |
Rhombus maeoticus (Pallas, 1814) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Scophthalmus maeotica (Pallas, 1814) | synonym | senior | new | |
Scophthalmus aquosus (Mitchill, 1815) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes aquosus Mitchill, 1815 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Zeugopterus punctatus (Bloch, 1787) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes punctatus Bloch, 1787 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Zeugopterus regius (Bonnaterre, 1788) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes regius Bonnaterre, 1788 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Phrynorhombus regius (Bonnaterre, 1788) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (Walbaum, 1792) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes whiffiagonis Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pleuronectes megastoma Donovan, 1804 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lepidorhombus megastoma (Donovan, 1804) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pleuronectes pseudopalus Pennant, 1812 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lepidorhombus boscii (Risso, 1810) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes boscii Risso, 1810 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Arnoglossus boscii (Risso, 1810) | synonym | senior | new | |
Hippoglossus boscii (Risso, 1810) | synonym | senior | new | |
Rhombus boscii (Risso, 1810) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lepidorhombus bosci (Risso, 1810) | synonym | senior | new | |
Phrynorhombus norvegicus (Günther, 1862) | accepted | senior | new | |
Rhombus norvegicus Günther, 1862 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |