Classification / Names
Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Miljö / Klimat / Range
Ekologi
; marina revassocierade. Tropical, preferred ?; 26°N - 3°S, 113°W - 76°W (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Central Pacfic: Baja California (Mesico) to Ecuador; including the Galapagos Is.
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm 110.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 260 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9254)
Inhabit rocky and coral reefs (Ref. 12951); on soft and sandy bottoms. Feeds mainly on mantis shrimps and fishes (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Litters of 1-5 pups; gestation period 10-11 months (Ref. 114953); Caught rarely by the gillnet fisheries operating in shelf waters. Utilized for its meat (Ref.58048).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Brood consists of 1-3 neonates and grow to about 40 cm DW in spring-summer (Ref. 38396).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Human uses
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell
Ytterligare information
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00430 - 0.02548), b=3.04 (2.83 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; Based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
69278): Mycket låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mer än 14 år (Fec=1-3).
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100) .