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Selar crumenophthalmus  (Bloch, 1793)

Bigeye scad
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Selar crumenophthalmus
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Indonesia country information

Common names: Bentong, Layah, Purse-eye scad
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: From southwest Sumatra to Timor Sea. Museum: LPPL JIF187 (TGT2612) (Ref. 5978). Also known from Mentawai Islands (Ref. 27157). Also Ref. 6567, 48635.
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Berry, F.H. and W.F. Smith-Vaniz, 1978
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Main reference

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 48635)

Environment

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 170 m (Ref. 9283), usually 2 - 10 m (Ref. 40849)

Climate / Range

Subtropical, preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 47°N - 24°S, 180°W - 180°E

Distribution

Circumtropical. Indo-Pacific: East Africa (Ref. 3287) to Rapa, north to southern Japan and the Hawaiian Islands, south to New Caledonia. Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 5530). Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada and Bermuda through the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean to to São Paulo (Ref. 47377), Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde to southern Angola (Ref. 7097).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 24-27; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 21 - 23.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Adults prefer clear oceanic waters around islands to neritic waters (Ref. 5217). Occasionally in turbid waters (Ref. 9283). Pelagic (Ref. 58302). Individuals travel in compact groups of hundreds of thousands of fish. Mainly nocturnal in habit, they disperse at night to feed on small shrimps, benthic invertebrates, and forams when inshore, and zooplankton and fish larvae when offshore (Ref. 9283, 90102). Marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283). Reported to reach 70 cm TL (Ref. 48635).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Threat to humans

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)



Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually

More information

Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development
References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion
Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
Vision

Tools

Special reports

Download XML

Internet sources

BHL | BOLDSystems | Check for other websites | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO(fisheries: production, species profile; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | National databases | PubMed | Scirus | Sea Around Us | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | uBio | uBio RSS | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record | Fishtrace

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD50 = 0.7500 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.8   ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.6-0.9)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100)
Price category (Ref. 80766)
Very high