United Kingdom country information

Common names: Dinnan, Doctot, Flair
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Ellis, J.R., A. Cruz-Martinez, B.D. Rackham and S.I. Rodgers, 2005
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Widespread around the British Isles (7-192 m), although more abundant along the southern and western coasts, where maximum catch rates were ca. 200 ind/hr. Most abundant rajid in the surveys. Catches in the central and northern North Sea were patchy. A high relative abundance of juveniles were recorded in the Thames Estuary, northeastern English Channel, northern Bristol Channel, Cardigan Bay, Luce Bay and Solway Firth (Ref. 82399).
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Muus, B. and P. Dahlström, 1978
National Database:

Classification / Names

इलाज़मौबरांकी (शारक और रेज़) (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Лисица морская (=скат колючий), Raie bouclée, Raya de clavos, ... more

Main reference

McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn. 1998. (Ref. 27314)
संदर्भ | Biblio | संयोजक : McEachran, John | सहयोगीयो

आकार / वज़न / Age

Max length : 105 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 53748); 139.0 cm TL (female); common length : 85.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9987); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 18.0 kg (Ref. 35388); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 15 वर्षो (Ref. 41305)

Length at first maturity
L_m 76.6, range 47 - 87.5 cm

पर्यावरण

; समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 10 - 577 m (Ref. 56504)

जलवायु / सीमा

Subtropical, preferred 17°C (Ref. 107945); 70°N - 29°S, 25°W - 42°E

वितरण

Eastern Atlantic: Iceland, Norway, North Sea and the western Baltic southward to Morocco and Namibia, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Although reported from southern Africa, its status in the area is uncertain (Ref. 5578).
देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | भूमिका

Short description

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण): 0; गुदा कांटा 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 0. Sub-rhomboid in shape with pointed wing-tips; disc-width 1,25 to 1,36 times in its length, its length 1,70 to 1,83 times in total length. Short rostrum, rounded at his extremity; pectoral fins with clear angles on lateral side; triangular pelvic fins (Ref. 39246). Dorsally prickly; large females also prickly throughout their ventral surface; juveniles and large males prickly along the margins of their discs and the underside of their snout. 30-50 thorns form a median row from the nape to the first dorsal fin; additional large 'buckler' thorns with swollen bases scattered on upper surface of disc in adults (Ref. 3167). Coloration is highly variable, with the dorsal surface having all shades of brown with dark and light spots and blotches; ventral surface white (Ref. 3167, 58137).

Inhabits shelf and upper slope waters. Depth range from 10-300 m (Ref. 4426, 82319, 88187), and from 300-577 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504); most common in coastal waters between 10-60 m depth (Ref. 58137). Tolerates low salinities (Ref. 88171). Found on mud, sand and gravel bottoms, rarely on rougher bottoms (Ref. 6808, 58137). Nocturnal species. Feeds on all kinds of bottom animals, preferably crustaceans (Ref. 3167). Undertakes migrations with mean distances of 54-117 km per month; shows a clear annual migration cycle (Ref. 89017, 89018), moves from deeper offshore waters (10-30 m) in autumn and winter to shallower areas (<10 m) in spring (Ref. 82319). Young are non-migratory, inhabiting inshore nursery grounds (Ref. 89019, 89020, 89022); in the Bay of Douarnenez (France) they are found to remain in shallow waters for at least 2 years (Ref. 89023). Oviparous. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Detects weak electric fields generated by other organisms (prey detection and predator avoidance) but may also generate its own weak electric fields (Ref. 10311, 88171). Utilized fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Near Threatened (NT)

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां

अधिक जानकारी

देश
ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र
Ecosystems
संयोग
भूमिका
Stocks
पारिस्थितिकी
आहार
खाद्य पदार्थ
आहार खपत
खोराक

आम नाम
उपशब्द
चपायचय
परभक्षी
ईकोटोकसीकोलौजी
पुनरुत्पत्ति
परिपक्व अवधि
मछलीऔ का अंडे देना
Fecundity
अंडे
Egg development

Age/Size
बाढ़
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
मौरफोमैटरिक्स
आकृति विज्ञान
लार्वा
लारवल गतिकी
भर्ती
बहुतायत

संदर्भ
जलीयकृषि
जलीयकृषि रूपरेखा
खींच
आनुवंशिकी
ऐल्लि आवृतियाँ
हैरेटिबिलटी
बीमारी
प्रक्रमण
Mass conversion

सहयोगीयो
तस्वीरे
Stamps, Coins
ध्वनि
सिगुयटिरा
रफ्तार
तैरने के प्रकार
गिल क्षेत्र
Otoliths
दिमाग
दृष्टि

साधन

Special reports

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Summary page | Point data | आम नाम | Photos

इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.8 ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.

लौटाव (Ref. 69278)
निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (K=0.09-0.14; tm=10; tmax=23; Fec=150)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Medium

Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758