Family Paralepididae - Barracudinas
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Order |
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Class |
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Actinopterygii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 12 | Species : 58 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : No |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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none |
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First Fossil Record |
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upper
Tertiary
Miocene |
Ref.. Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
Remark |
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Distribution: circumglobal. Origin of dorsal fin in mid-trunk. Dorsal fin rays 7-16. Anal fin with a long base; fin rays 20-50. Pectoral fin with 11-17 rays. With or without scales on body. Swim bladder lacking. Vertebrae 53-121. Look similar to sphyraenids. Length can reach up to 1 m. |
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Etymology |
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Greek, parallelos = parallel + Greek, lepis = scale ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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nonguarders |
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Typical activity level |
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Coordinator |
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Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Aulopa | Aulopiformes | Alepisauroidei | Paralepididae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Paralepis coregonoides Risso, 1820 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Paralepis coregonoides coregonoides Risso, 1820 | synonym | senior | change in rank | |
Sudis coregonoides (Risso, 1820) | synonym | senior | new | |
Paralepis borealis Reinhardt, 1837 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Paralepis coregonoides borealis Reinhardt, 1837 | synonym | junior | change in rank | |
Paralepis barracudina Fowler & Phillips, 1910 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Paralepis speciosa Bellotti, 1878 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Paralepis speciosus Bellotti, 1878 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Paralepis elongata (Brauer, 1906) | accepted | senior | new | |
Omosudis elongatus Brauer, 1906 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Paralepis egei Harry, 1948 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lestidium speciosum (non Belloti, 1878) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Paralepis brevirostris (Parr, 1928) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lestidium speciosum brevirostris Parr, 1928 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Sudis brevirostris (Parr, 1928) | synonym | senior | new | |
Paralepis harryi Maul, 1954 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Maulichthys harryi (Maul, 1954) | synonym | junior | new | |
Lestidium speciosum (non Belloti, 1878) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Paralepis elongata (non Brauer, 1906) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Sudis hyalina Rafinesque, 1810 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Paralepis hyalina (Rafinesque, 1810) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Paralepis hyalinus (Rafinesque, 1810) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Sudis hyaline Rafinesque, 1810 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Sudis hyalinus Rafinesque, 1810 | synonym | senior | original | |
Paralepis sphyraenoides (non Risso, 1820) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Sudis atrox Rofen, 1963 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Arctozenus risso (Bonaparte, 1840) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paralepis risso Bonaparte, 1840 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Arctozenus rissoi (Bonaparte, 1840) | synonym | senior | new | |
Notolepis risso (Bonaparte, 1840) | synonym | senior | new | |
Notolepis rissoi (Bonaparte, 1840) | synonym | senior | new | |
Notolepis rissoi rissoi (Bonaparte, 1840) | synonym | senior | new | |
Paralepis rissoi rissoi (Bonaparte, 1840) | synonym | senior | new | |
Sudis rissoi (Bonaparte, 1840) | synonym | senior | new | |
Paralepis coruscans Jordan & Gilbert, 1881 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Arctozenus coruscans (Jordan & Gilbert, 1881) | synonym | junior | new | |
Notolepis coruscans (Jordan & Gilbert, 1881) | synonym | junior | new | |
Paralepis kroyeri Lütken, 1892 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Paralepis borealis (non Reinhardt, 1837) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Lestidium nudum Gilbert, 1905 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidium atlanticum Borodin, 1928 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidium elegans Parr, 1928 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Paralepis thermophilus Ege, 1930 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Sudis thermophilus (Ege, 1930) | synonym | junior | new | |
Lestidium prolixum Harry, 1953 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidium bigelowi Graae, 1967 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Notolepis coatsi Dollo, 1908 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Notolepis annulata Post, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidiops sphyraenopsis Hubbs, 1916 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Lestidiops sphyraenoides Hubbs, 1916 | ambiguous | homonym | original | |
Lestidiops sphyrenoides (Risso, 1820) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paralepis sphyrenoides Risso, 1820 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Lestidiops sphyraenoides (Risso, 1820) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lestidium sphyraenoides (Risso, 1820) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Paralepis sphyraenoides (Risso, 1820) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lestidiops ringens (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) | accepted | senior | new | |
Sudis ringens Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidium ringens (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lestidiops jayakari (Boulenger, 1889) | accepted | senior | new | |
Sudis jayakari Boulenger, 1889 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidiops jayakari jayakari (Boulenger, 1889) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lestidium jayakari (Boulenger, 1889) | synonym | senior | new | |
Paralepis pseudosphyraenoides danae Ege, 1930 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lestidium pseudosphyraenoides danae (Ege, 1930) | synonym | junior | new | |
Paralepis pseudosphyraenoides thori Ege, 1930 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Paralepis proximus Ege, 1933 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Macroparalepis egei Maul, 1945 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lestidiops pseudosphyraenoides (Ege, 1918) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paralepis pseudosphyraenoides Ege, 1918 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidiops jayakari pseudosphyraenoides (Ege, 1918) | synonym | senior | new | |
synonym | senior | new | ||
Sudis pseudosphyraenoides (Ege, 1918) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lestidiops jayakari (Boulenger, 1889) | ambiguous | other | new | |
Paralepis pseudosphyraenoides thori Ege, 1930 | synonym | junior | original | 5 |
Sudis sphyraenoides (non Risso, 1820) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Lestidiops affinis (Ege, 1930) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paralepis affinis Ege, 1930 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidium affine (Ege, 1930) | synonym | senior | new | |
Sudis affinis (Ege, 1930) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lestidiops affinae (Ege, 1930) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lestidiops pacificus (Parr, 1931) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paralepis pacificus Parr, 1931 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidiops jayakari pacifica (Parr, 1931) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lestidiops pacificum (Parr, 1931) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lestidium pacificum (Parr, 1931) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lestidiops pacifica (Parr, 1931) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lestidiops mirabilis (Ege, 1933) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paralepis mirabilis Ege, 1933 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Macroparalepis mirabilis (Ege, 1933) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lestidiops similis (Ege, 1933) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paralepis similis Ege, 1933 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidium simile (Ege, 1933) | synonym | senior | new | |
Stemonosudis similis (Ege, 1933) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lestidiops similus (Ege, 1933) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lestidiops bathyopteryx (Fowler, 1944) | accepted | senior | new | |
Sudis bathyopteryx Fowler, 1944 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidiops distans (Ege, 1953) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lestidium distans Ege, 1953 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Paralepis sphyraenoides (non Risso, 1820) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Lestidiops extrema (Ege, 1953) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lestidium extremum Ege, 1953 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidiops gracilis (Ege, 1953) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lestidium gracile Ege, 1953 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidiops indopacifica (Ege, 1953) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lestidium indopacificum Ege, 1953 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidiops neles (Harry, 1953) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lestidium neles Harry, 1953 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidiops cadenati (Maul, 1962) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lestidium cadenati Maul, 1962 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Macroparalepis danae Ege, 1933 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Macroparalepis affinis Ege, 1933 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Macroparalepis affine Ege, 1933 | synonym | senior | original | |
Macroparalepis affine americana Rofen, 1963 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Macroparalepis brevis Ege, 1933 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Macroparalepis breve Ege, 1933 | synonym | senior | original | |
Lestidium intermedium (non Poey, 1868) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Macroparalepis johnfitchi (Rofen, 1960) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lestidium johnfitchi Rofen, 1960 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Macroparalepis nigra (Maul, 1965) | accepted | senior | new | |
Longisudis nigra Maul, 1965 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Macroparalepis longilateralis Post, 1973 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Macroparalepis macrogeneion Post, 1973 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Macroparalepis macrogeneios Post, 1973 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Macroparalepis macrugeneion Post, 1973 | synonym | senior | original | |
Stemonosudis intermedia (Ege, 1933) | accepted | senior | new | |
Macroparalepis intermedius Ege, 1933 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Stemonosudis intermedius (Ege, 1933) | synonym | senior | new | |
Stemonosudis elegans (Ege, 1933) | accepted | senior | new | |
Macroparalepis elegans Ege, 1933 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Stemonosudis elongata (Ege, 1933) | accepted | senior | new | |
Macroparalepis elongatus Ege, 1933 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Stemonosudis gracilis (Ege, 1933) | accepted | senior | new | |
Macroparalepis gracilis Ege, 1933 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Stemonosudis gracile (Ege, 1933) | synonym | senior | new | |
Stemonosudis macrura (Ege, 1933) | accepted | senior | new | |
Macroparalepis macrurus Ege, 1933 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Stemonosudis macrurus (Ege, 1933) | synonym | senior | new | |
Stemonosudis miscella (Ege, 1933) | accepted | senior | new | |
Macroparalepis miscellus Ege, 1933 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Stemonosudis molesta (Marshall, 1955) | accepted | senior | new | |
Macroparalepis molestus Marshall, 1955 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Stemonosudis molestus (Marshall, 1955) | synonym | senior | new | |
Stemonosudis distans (Ege, 1957) | accepted | senior | new | |
Macroparalepis distans Ege, 1957 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Stemonosudis bullisi Rofen, 1963 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Stemonosudis rothschildi Richards, 1967 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Stemonosudis siliquiventer Post, 1970 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lestrolepis intermedia (Poey, 1868) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paralepis intermedius Poey, 1868 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidium intermedium (Poey, 1868) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lastrolepis intermedia (Poey, 1868) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lestiolepis intermedia (Poey, 1868) | synonym | senior | new | |
Sudis vanderbilti Fowler, 1944 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lestrolepis japonica (non Tanaka, 1908) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Lestrolepis japonica (Tanaka, 1908) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lestidium japonicum Tanaka, 1908 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestrolepis luetkeni (Ege, 1933) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paralepis luetkeni Ege, 1933 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lestidium luetkeni (Ege, 1933) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lestidium pofi Harry, 1953 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lestrolepis pofi (Harry, 1953) | synonym | junior | new | |
Sudis pofi (Harry, 1953) | synonym | junior | new | |
Magnisudis atlantica (Krøyer, 1868) | accepted | senior | new | |
! Paralepis atlanticus Krøyer, 1868 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Paralepis atlantica Krøyer, 1868 | synonym | senior | original | |
Paralepis atlantica atlantica Krøyer, 1868 | synonym | senior | change in rank | |
Paralepis brevis Zugmayer, 1911 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Sudis bronsoni Parr, 1928 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Paralepis bronsoni (Parr, 1928) | synonym | junior | new | |
Magnisudis barysoma Harry, 1953 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Paralepis coregonoides (non Risso, 1820) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Magnisudis indica (Ege, 1953) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paralepis brevis indicus Ege, 1953 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Paralepis atlantica indica Ege, 1953 | synonym | senior | change in species | |
Magnisudis prionosa (Rofen, 1963) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paralepis atlantica prionosa Rofen, 1963 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Paralepis atlantica (non Krøyer, 1868) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Uncisudis longirostra Maul, 1956 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Uncisudis longirostris Maul, 1956 | synonym | senior | original | |
Uncisudis denticulata Kotthaus, 1967 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Uncisudis advena (Rofen, 1963) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pontosudis advena Rofen, 1963 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Uncisudis quadrimaculata (Post, 1969) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pontosudis quadrimaculata Post, 1969 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Uncisudis posteropelvis Fukui & Ozawa, 2004 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Paralepididae sp. 1 Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Dolichosudis fuliginosa Post, 1969 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |