Family Terapontidae - Grunters or tigerperches
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Order |
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Class |
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Actinopterygii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 16 | Species : 52 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : Yes |
Brackish : Yes |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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none |
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First Fossil Record |
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Remark |
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Coastal marine, brackish and freshwater in the Indo-West Pacific. Several species restricted to freshwater. Body oblong and slightly compressed. Operculum bearing 2 spines (lower spine longer). Dorsal fin notched, the spinous part depressible into a basal scaly sheath; spines 11-13; soft rays 9-11. Three spines in anal fin; soft rays 7-10. Pelvic fins insertion behind base of pectorals; one spine, 5 soft rays. Caudal fin rounded, truncate or emarginate with 15 branched rays. Lateral line uninterrupted, reaching on caudal fin. Jaws with villiform or incisiform teeth; vomer and palatines toothless in most species. Branchiostegal rays 6; gills 4, a slit behind the last. Vertebrae 25-27. About 80 cm maximum length. Feed on fishes, insects, algae, and sand-dwelling invertebrates. Also spelled Teraponidae, Theraponidae or Therapontidae. |
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Etymology |
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Greek, tera, -atos = strange thing, monster, wonder + Greek, pontios, -a = marine, pertaining to the sea ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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guarders |
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Typical activity level |
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normal |
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Coordinator |
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Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Euacanthomorphacea | Percomorphaceae | Percomorpharia | Terapontiformes | Terapontidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775) | accepted | senior | new | |
Terapon timorensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 | synonym | junior | original | |
Sciaena jarbua Forsskål, 1775 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Holocentrus jarbua (Forsskål, 1775) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Therapon jarboa (Forsskål, 1775) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Therapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775) | synonym | senior | new | |
Holocentrus servus Bloch, 1790 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Grammistes servus (Bloch, 1790) | synonym | junior | new | |
Terapon servus (Bloch, 1790) | synonym | junior | new | |
Therapon servus (Bloch, 1790) | synonym | junior | new | |
Coius trivittatus Hamilton, 1822 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 2 |
Pterapon trivittatus Gray, 1846 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Therapon farna Bleeker, 1879 | ambiguous | other | original | 2 |
Stereolepis inoko Schmidt, 1931 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Terapon puta Cuvier, 1829 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Therapon puta Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Authistes puta (Cuvier, 1829) | synonym | senior | new | |
Autisthes puta (Cuvier, 1829) | synonym | senior | new | |
Coius trivittatus Hamilton, 1822 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 6 |
Autisthes argenteus De Vis, 1884 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
! Authistes argenteus De Vis, 1884 | synonym | junior | original | |
Terapon theraps Cuvier, 1829 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Therapon theraps Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Eutherapon theraps (Cuvier, 1829) | synonym | senior | new | |
Perca argentea Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Therapon rubricatus Richardson, 1842 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Perca indica Gronow, 1854 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Therapon nigripinnis Macleay, 1881 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Helotes sexlineatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) | accepted | senior | new | |
Helotes sexlineatus (Bloch, 1790) | ambiguous | other | new | |
Terapon sexlineatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pelates sexlineatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pelates quinquelineatus Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | other | original | 2 |
Pelates quadrilineatus (Bloch, 1790) | accepted | senior | new | |
Holocentrus quadrilineatus Bloch, 1790 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Therapon quadrilineatus (Bloch, 1790) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Pelates quadrillneatus (Bloch, 1790) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Pelatus quadrilineatus (Bloch, 1790) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Pleates quadrilineatus (Bloch, 1790) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pristipoma sexlineatum Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pelates octolineatus (Jenyns, 1840) | accepted | senior | new | |
Helotes octolineatus Jenyns, 1840 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Terapon sexlineatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Helotes profundior De Vis, 1884 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Helotes scotus Haacke, 1885 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pelates qinglanensis (Sun, 1991) | accepted | senior | new | |
Helotes qinglanensis Sun, 1991 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Mesopristes argenteus (Cuvier, 1829) | accepted | senior | new | |
Datnia argentea Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Therapon argenteus (Cuvier, 1829) | synonym | senior | new | |
Mesopristes macracanthus Bleeker, 1873 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Therapon nasutus Macleay, 1883 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Therapon chalybeus Macleay, 1883 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Therapon acutirostris De Vis, 1884 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Mesopristes cancellatus (Cuvier, 1829) | accepted | senior | new | |
Datnia cancellata Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Terapon cancellatus (Cuvier, 1829) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Therapon cancellata (Cuvier, 1829) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Therapon cancellatus (Cuvier, 1829) | synonym | senior | new | |
Mesopristes elongatus (Guichenot, 1866) | accepted | senior | new | |
Datnia elongata Guichenot, 1866 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Terapon elongatus (Guichenot, 1866) | synonym | senior | new | |
Therapon elongatus (Guichenot, 1866) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Mesopristis elongatus (Guichenot, 1866) | synonym | senior | new | |
Datnia obtusirostris Guichenot, 1866 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Therapon obtusirostris (Guichenot, 1866) | synonym | junior | new | |
Therapon lambertoni Fowler, 1923 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Terapon lambertoni (Fowler, 1923) | synonym | junior | new | |
Therapon argenteus (non Cuvier, 1829) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Mesopristes kneri (Bleeker, 1876) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon kneri Bleeker, 1876 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Mesopristes iravi Yoshino, Yoshigou & Senou, 2002 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Mesopristes sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Mesopristes argenteus (non Cuvier, 1829) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Hephaestus tulliensis De Vis, 1884 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hephaestus fuliginosus (Macleay, 1883) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon fuliginosus Macleay, 1883 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Therapon bancrofti Ogilby & McCulloch, 1916 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Terapon alligatoris Rendahl, 1922 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Hephaestus tulliensis (non De Vis, 1884) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Hephaestus trimaculatus (Macleay, 1883) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon trimaculatus Macleay, 1883 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hephaestus habbemai (Weber, 1910) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon habbemai Weber, 1910 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hephaestus roemeri (Weber, 1910) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon roemeri Weber, 1910 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hephaestus carbo (Ogilby & McCulloch, 1916) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon carbo Ogilby & McCulloch, 1916 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Leiopotherapon suavis Whitley, 1948 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Archeria jamesonoides Nichols, 1949 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Hephaestus adamsoni (Trewavas, 1940) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon adamsoni Trewavas, 1940 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hephaestus jenkinsi (Whitley, 1945) | accepted | senior | new | |
Mesopristes jenkinsi Whitley, 1945 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Therapon brevipinnis Mees, 1971 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Hephaestus obtusifrons (Mees & Kailola, 1977) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon obtusifrons Mees & Kailola, 1977 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hephaestus raymondi (Mees & Kailola, 1977) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon raymondi Mees & Kailola, 1977 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hephaestus transmontanus (Mees & Kailola, 1977) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon transmontanus Mees & Kailola, 1977 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hephaestus epirrhinos Vari & Hutchins, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hephaestus lineatus Allen, 1984 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hephaestus komaensis Allen & Jebb, 1993 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Leiopotherapon plumbeus (Kner, 1864) | accepted | senior | new | |
Datnia plumbea Kner, 1864 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Terapon plumbeus (Kner, 1864) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Datnia plumbeus (Kner, 1864) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Therapon plumbeus (Kner, 1864) | synonym | senior | new | |
Therapon brevispinnis Peters, 1868 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
! Therapon brevispinis Peters, 1868 | synonym | junior | original | |
Leiopotherapon unicolor (Günther, 1859) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon unicolor Günther, 1859 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Madigania unicolor (Günther, 1859) | synonym | senior | new | |
Datnia brevispinis Steindachner, 1867 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
! Datnia brevipinnis Steindachner, 1867 | synonym | junior | original | |
Therapon truttaceus Macleay, 1881 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Therapon longulus Macleay, 1881 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Therapon elphinstonensis De Vis, 1884 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Terapon idoneus Ogilby, 1906 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Leiopotherapon aheneus (Mees, 1963) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon aheneus Mees, 1963 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Leiopotherapon macrolepis Vari, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Rhynchopelates oxyrhynchus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon oxyrhynchus Temminck & Schlegel, 1842 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pelates oxyrhynchus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Rhyncopelates oxyrhynchus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Terapon oxyrhynchus Temminck & Schlegel, 1842 | synonym | senior | original | |
Amniataba caudavittata (Richardson, 1845) | accepted | senior | new | |
Datnia caudavittata Richardson, 1845 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Therapon bostockii Castelnau, 1873 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Amniataba percoides (Günther, 1864) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon percoides Günther, 1864 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Datnia fasciata Steindachner, 1867 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Therapon terraereginae Castelnau, 1878 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
! Therapon terrareginae Castelnau, 1878 | synonym | junior | original | |
Therapon spinosior De Vis, 1884 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Amniataba percoides burnettensis Whitley, 1943 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Therapon percoides yorkensis Nichols, 1949 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Amniataba percoides yorkensis (Nichols, 1949) | synonym | junior | new | |
Amniataba affinis (Mees & Kailola, 1977) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon affinis Mees & Kailola, 1977 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell, 1838) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon ellipticus Günther, 1859 | synonym | junior | original | |
Acerina bidyana Mitchell, 1838 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Therapon bidyanus (Mitchell, 1838) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Theraton bidyanus (Mitchell, 1838) | synonym | senior | new | |
Therapon niger Castelnau, 1872 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
! Therapon richardsoni Castelnau, 1872 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Terapon richardsoni Castelnau, 1872 | synonym | junior | original | |
! Therapon richardsonii Castelnau, 1872 | synonym | junior | original | |
Therapon macleayana Ramsay, 1882 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Bidyanus welchi (McCulloch & Waite, 1917) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon welchi McCulloch & Waite, 1917 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Datnia elliptica Richardson, 1848 | synonym | junior | original | 1 |
Pelsartia humeralis (Ogilby, 1899) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon humeralis Ogilby, 1899 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Scortum parviceps (Macleay, 1883) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon parviceps Macleay, 1883 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Scortum hillii (Castelnau, 1878) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon hillii Castelnau, 1878 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Scortum hilli (Castelnau, 1878) | synonym | senior | new | |
Scortum ogilbyi Whitley, 1951 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Scortum barcoo (McCulloch & Waite, 1917) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon barcoo McCulloch & Waite, 1917 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Scortum neili Allen, Larson & Midgley, 1993 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Pingalla gilberti Whitley, 1955 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Pingalla lorentzi (Weber, 1910) | accepted | senior | new | |
Helotes lorentzi Weber, 1910 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pingalla midgleyi Allen & Merrick, 1984 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hannia greenwayi Vari, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lagusia micracanthus (Bleeker, 1860) | accepted | senior | new | |
Datnia micracanthus Bleeker, 1860 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Therapon micracanthus (Bleeker, 1860) | synonym | senior | new | |
Syncomistes butleri Vari, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Syncomistes kimberleyensis Vari, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Syncomistes rastellus Vari & Hutchins, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Syncomistes trigonicus Vari, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Variichthys jamoerensis (Mees, 1971) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon jamoerensis Mees, 1971 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Varia jamoerensis (Mees, 1971) | synonym | senior | new | |
Variichthys lacustris (Mees & Kailola, 1977) | accepted | senior | new | |
Therapon lacustris Mees & Kailola, 1977 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Varia lacustris (Mees & Kailola, 1977) | synonym | senior | new |