Family Pentacerotidae - Armorheads
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Order |
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Class |
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Actinopterygii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 7 | Species : 13 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : No |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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none |
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First Fossil Record |
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Remark |
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Distribution: Indo-Pacific and southwestern Atlantic. Body moderately deep (Pentaceropsis) to very deep (Pentaceros); strongly compressed. Head bones exposed, rough and striated. Supramaxilla lacking. Dorsal fin having 4-14 strong spines; 9-29 soft rays. With 2-5 strong spines in anal fin; soft rays 7-13. Large pelvic fins. One long and strong spine in pelvic fin; soft rays 5. Scales small. Primary on deep slopes, seamounts, and pelagic; shallow primarily in temperate areas. Foodfishes. Assumed to be nonguarders (RF). |
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Etymology |
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Greek, pente = five + Greek, keras, -atos = horn ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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nonguarders |
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Typical activity level |
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Coordinator |
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Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Euacanthomorphacea | Percomorphaceae | Percomorpharia | Pempheriformes | Pentacerotidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Pentacerotinae | ||||
Pentaceros capensis Cuvier, 1829 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Quinquarius capensis (Cuvier, 1829) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pentaceros richardsoni Smith, 1844 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Pseudopentaceros richardsoni (Smith, 1844) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pentaceros knerii Steindachner, 1866 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Griffinetta nelsonensis Whitley & Phillipps, 1939 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pentaceros pectoralis (non Hardy, 1983) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Pentaceros decacanthus Günther, 1859 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Quinquarius hendecacanthus McCulloch, 1915 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Undecimus hendecacanthus (McCulloch, 1915) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pentaceros japonicus Steindachner, 1883 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Pentaceros wheeleri (Hardy, 1983) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pseudopentaceros wheeleri Hardy, 1983 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pseudopentaceros pectoralis Hardy, 1983 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pentaceros pectoralis (Hardy, 1983) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pentaceros richardsoni (non Smith, 1844) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Pseudopentaceros richardsoni (non Smith, 1844) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Pentaceros quinquespinis Parin & Kotlyar, 1988 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Histiopterinae | ||||
Histiopterus typus Temminck & Schlegel, 1844 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Histiopterus tyfus Temminck & Schlegel, 1844 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Histiopterus types Temminck & Schlegel, 1844 | synonym | senior | original | |
Histiopterus spinifer Gilchrist, 1904 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Paristiopterus labiosus (Günther, 1872) | accepted | senior | new | |
Histiopterus labiosus Günther, 1872 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Paristiopterus gallipavo Whitley, 1944 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Pentaceropsis recurvirostris (Richardson, 1845) | accepted | senior | new | |
Histiopterus recurvirostris Richardson, 1845 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Evistias acutirostris (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) | accepted | senior | new | |
Histiopterus acutirostris Temminck & Schlegel, 1844 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Evistias acuirostris (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Evistius acutirostris (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) | synonym | senior | new | |
Histiopterus typus (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Zanclistius elevatus (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1888) | accepted | senior | new | |
Histiopterus elevatus Ramsay & Ogilby, 1888 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Parazanclistius hutchinsi Hardy, 1983 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |