Family Opistognathidae - Jawfishes
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Order |
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Class |
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Actinopterygii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 3 | Species : 80 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : No |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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some |
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First Fossil Record |
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Remark |
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Distribution: western and central Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific (Gulf of California to Panama). Large-mouthed. Cycloid scales with head naked. Pelvic fins more anterior than pectorals; 1 spine, 5 soft rays (inner 3 weak and branched, outer 2 stout and unbranched). Continuous dorsal fin 9-12 spines. High lateral line running along dorsal, terminating at the middle of dorsal fin (a species with both ventral and dorsal lateral lines). Palatine toothless. Species of Stalix with transversly forked anterior spines in dorsal fin. Mostly small fishes with enlarged head and mouth and narrow tapering body. Live in burrows in sand which they enter tail-first. Feed on benthic and planktonic invertebrates. Mouthbrooders. |
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Etymology |
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Greek, opisthe = behind + Greek, gnathos = jaw ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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bearers |
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Typical activity level |
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Coordinator |
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Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Euacanthomorphacea | Percomorphaceae | Ovalentaria | Incertae sedis in Ovalentaria | Opistognathidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Opistognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell, 1830 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Opisthognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell, 1830 | synonym | senior | original | |
Opistognathus sonneratii Cuvier, 1816 | ambiguous | other | original | 2 |
! Opisthognathus ocellatus Ehrenberg, 1836 | ambiguous | other | original | 2 |
Opisthognatus ocellatus Ehrenberg, 1836 | ambiguous | other | original | |
! Opisthognathus sonneratii Valenciennes, 1836 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Opisthognathus cuvierii Valenciennes, 1840 | ambiguous | homonym | original | 1 |
! Opisthognathus cuvieri Valenciennes, 1840 | ambiguous | homonym | original | |
Opisthognathus macrostomus Smith, 1935 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus castelnaui (non Bleeker, 1860) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Opistognathus cuvierii Valenciennes, 1836 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Opisthognathus cuvierii Valenciennes, 1836 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
! Gnathypops cuvieri (Valenciennes, 1836) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Opisthognathus cuvieri Valenciennes, 1836 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Opistognathus cuvieri Valenciennes, 1836 | synonym | senior | original | |
Opistognathus solorensis Bleeker, 1853 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus rosenbergii Bleeker, 1856 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Opisthognathus rosenbergi Bleeker, 1856 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Opistognathus rosenbergi Bleeker, 1856 | synonym | senior | original | |
Opistognathus castelnaui Bleeker, 1860 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opisthognathus suluensis Herre, 1933 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus macrognathus Poey, 1860 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Opisthognatus macrognathus Poey, 1860 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Opisthognathus megastoma Günther, 1860 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Opisthognathus macrops Poey, 1860 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus scaphiurus Goode & Bean, 1882 | synonym | junior | original | |
Opisthognathus fasciatum Longley & Hildebrand, 1940 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus maxillosus Poey, 1860 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Opisthognathus maxillosus Poey, 1860 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Opistognathus macrolepis Peters, 1866 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Opisthognathus macrolepis Peters, 1866 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Merogymnoides carpentariae Whitley, 1966 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus papuensis Bleeker, 1868 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Opisthognathus papuensis Bleeker, 1868 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Opistognathus punctatus Peters, 1869 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Opisthognathus punctatus Peters, 1869 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Opistognathus darwiniensis Macleay, 1878 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Opisthognathus darwiniensis Macleay, 1878 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
! Opistognathus darwinensis Macleay, 1878 | synonym | senior | original | |
Opistognathus jacksoniensis Macleay, 1881 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Opisthognathus jacksoniensis Macleay, 1881 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
! Opistognathus jacksiensis Macleay, 1881 | synonym | senior | original | |
Opistognathus lonchurus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Opisthognathus lonchurus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Gnathypops mystacinus Jordan, 1884 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus rhomaleus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Opisthognathus rhomaleus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Opistognathus inornatus Ramsay & Ogilby, 1887 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Opisthognathus inornatus Ramsay & Ogilby, 1887 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Opistognathus muscatensis Boulenger, 1888 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Opisthognathus muscatensis Boulenger, 1888 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
! Ophisthognathus muscatensis Boulenger, 1888 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Opistignathus muscatensis Boulenger, 1888 | synonym | senior | original | |
Opistognathus scops (Jenkins & Evermann, 1889) | accepted | senior | new | |
Gnathypops scops Jenkins & Evermann, 1889 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Opisthognathus scops panamensis Fowler, 1944 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus evermanni (Jordan & Snyder, 1902) | accepted | senior | new | |
Gnathypops evermanni Jordan & Snyder, 1902 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus hopkinsi (Jordan & Snyder, 1902) | accepted | senior | new | |
Gnathypops hopkinsi Jordan & Snyder, 1902 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus aurifrons (Jordan & Thompson, 1905) | accepted | senior | new | |
Gnathypops aurifrons Jordan & Thompson, 1905 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Opisthognathus aurifrons (Jordan & Thompson, 1905) | synonym | senior | new | |
Opistognathus dendriticus (Jordan & Richardson, 1908) | accepted | senior | new | |
Gnathypops dendritica Jordan & Richardson, 1908 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus eximius (Ogilby, 1908) | accepted | senior | new | |
Merogymnus eximius Ogilby, 1908 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus iyonis (Jordan & Thompson, 1913) | accepted | senior | new | |
Gnathypops iyonis Jordan & Thompson, 1913 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus whitehursti (Longley, 1927) | accepted | senior | new | |
Gnathypops whitehursti Longley, 1927 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Opisthognathus whitehursti (Longley, 1927) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Opisthognathus whitehurstii (Longley, 1927) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Opisthognothus whitenhursti (Longley, 1927) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Opistognathus whitehurstii (Longley, 1927) | synonym | senior | new | |
Upsilonognathus chaplini Fowler, 1946 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus latitabundus (Whitley, 1937) | accepted | senior | new | |
Tandya latitabunda Whitley, 1937 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Opistognathus latitabunda (Whitley, 1937) | synonym | senior | new | |
Opistognathus gilberti Böhlke, 1967 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus hongkongiensis Chan, 1968 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Opisthognathus hongkongiensis Chan, 1968 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Opistognathus reticulatus (McKay, 1969) | accepted | senior | new | |
Tandya reticulata McKay, 1969 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Opisthognathus reticulata (McKay, 1969) | synonym | senior | new | |
Opistognathus megalepis Smith-Vaniz, 1972 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus melachasme Smith-Vaniz, 1972 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus margaretae Smith-Vaniz, 1983 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus decorus Smith-Vaniz & Yoshino, 1985 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Gnathypops sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus sp. 1 Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus liturus Smith-Vaniz & Yoshino, 1985 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus sp. 2 Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus galapagensis Allen & Robertson, 1991 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus mexicanus Allen & Robertson, 1991 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus panamaensis Allen & Robertson, 1991 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus rosenblatti Allen & Robertson, 1991 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus fenmutis Acero P. & Franke, 1993 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus brasiliensis Smith-Vaniz, 1997 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus leprocarus Smith-Vaniz, 1997 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus nothus Smith-Vaniz, 1997 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus melachasme (non Smith-Vaniz, 1972) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Opistognathus robinsi Smith-Vaniz, 1997 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus cuvieri (non Valenciennes, 1836) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Opistognathus macrognathus (non Poey, 1860) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
! Opisthognathus macrognathus (non Poey, 1860) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Opistognathus signatus Smith-Vaniz, 1997 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus brochus Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus fossoris Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus smithvanizi Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus walkeri Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus alleni Smith-Vaniz, 2004 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus elizabethensis Smith-Vaniz, 2004 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus sp. nov. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus reticeps Smith-Vaniz, 2004 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus seminudus Smith-Vaniz, 2004 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus stigmosus Smith-Vaniz, 2004 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus verecundus Smith-Vaniz, 2004 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus rufilineatus Smith-Vaniz & Allen, 2007 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus cyanospilotus Smith-Vaniz, 2009 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus solorensis (non Bleeker, 1853) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Opistognathus castelnaui (non Bleeker, 1860) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Opistognathus randalli Smith-Vaniz, 2009 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus variabilis Smith-Vaniz, 2009 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus sp. nov. A Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus sp. nov. B Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus solorensis (non Bleeker, 1853) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Opistognathus adelus Smith-Vaniz, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus afer Smith-Vaniz, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus crassus Smith-Vaniz, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Opistognathus dipharus Smith-Vaniz, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus longinaris Smith-Vaniz, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus simus Smith-Vaniz, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus albicaudatus Smith-Vaniz, 2011 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Opistognathus pardus Smith-Vaniz, Bineesh & Akhilesh, 2012 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lonchopisthus micrognathus (Poey, 1860) | accepted | senior | new | |
Opisthognathus micrognathus Poey, 1860 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lonchopisthus vanderbilti Mowbray, 1928 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lonchopisthus lindneri Ginsburg, 1942 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lonchopisthus lemur (Myers, 1935) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lonchistium lemur Myers, 1935 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lonchopisthus meadi Menezes & Lima de Figueiredo, 1971 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lonchopisthus higmani Mead, 1959 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lonchopisthus sinuscalifornicus Castro-Aguirre & Villavicencio-Garayzar, 1988 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Stalix histrio Jordan & Snyder, 1902 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Stalix versluysi (Weber, 1913) | accepted | senior | new | |
Opisthognathus versluysi Weber, 1913 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Stalix moenensis (Popta, 1922) | accepted | senior | new | |
Gnathypops moenensis Popta, 1922 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Stalix omanensis Norman, 1939 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Stalix immaculata Xu & Zhan, 1980 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Stalix immaculatus Xu & Zhan, 1980 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
! Stalix immaculaatus Xu & Zhan, 1980 | synonym | senior | original | |
Stalix davidsheni Klausewitz, 1985 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Stalix dicra Smith-Vaniz, 1989 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Stalix eremia Smith-Vaniz, 1989 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Stalix flavida Smith-Vaniz, 1989 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Stalix sheni Smith-Vaniz, 1989 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Stalix toyoshio Shinohara, 1999 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |