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Family Chilodontidae - Headstanders
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Order |
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Class |
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Actinopterygii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 2 | Species : 8 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : Yes |
Brackish : No |
Marine : No |
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Division |
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Primary freshwater |
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Aquarium |
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First Fossil Record |
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Remark |
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The single series of relatively small teeth movably attached to the lips of the upper jaw and in most species to the lower jaw together with a sixth lateral-line scale distinctly smaller than the other scales in that series serve to separate the Chilodontidae from other members of the Characiformes. The Chilodontidae is also distinguished within the Characiformes by a series of derived features in a number of body systems discussed by Vari (1983) and Vari et al. (1995). Chilodus was revised by Isbrücker and Nijssen (1988) and Vari and Ortega (1997) and Caenotropus by Vari et al. (1995). Phylogenetic relationships within Caenotropus and the phylogenetic biogeography of the Chilodontidae were discussed by Vari et al. (1995).
The species of this family are broadly distributed east of the Andean Cordilleras in both the Río Orinoco and rio Amazonas basins, the series of independent rivers draining the Atlantic slope of the Guianas, and the rio Paraíba basin of northeastern Brazil. Chilodontids have been collected in a diversity of water types. Some species (e.g., Caenotropus mestomormatus, C. maculosus) apparently live solely in black waters (Vari et al., 1995: 16. fig. 11; Vari and Ortega, 1997: 76) whereas others (Chilodus frittilus, Vari and Ortega, 1997:76) occur in black, white, and clear waters. Caenotropus labyrinthicus feeds on autochothonus invertebrates, detritus, and freshwater sponges and reproduces in May (Goulding et al., 1988:141, 146, 148; Vari et al., 1995: 23; Ferreira et al., 1988:344).
Recent reviews of components of the Chilodontidae by Isbrücker and Nijssen (1988), Vari et al. (1995), and Vari and Ortega (1997) each described one new species, for a total of seven in the family, but it is not expected that many more species await discovery.
Species of Chilodus are exported from various locations for the aquarium trade in which they are known as headstanders.
Common name for this family encoded from Ref. 58010. |
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Etymology |
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Greek, cheilos = lip + Greek, odous = teeth ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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nonguarders |
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Typical activity level |
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Main Ref  |
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Coordinator |
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Deep Fin Classification  |
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Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Otomorpha | Ostariophysi | Otophysa | Characiphysae | Characiformes | Characoidei | Chilodontidae |
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Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
- When subfamilies are recognized, nominotypical subfamily first then other subfamilies by alphabetical order.
- Type genus of the family first (or of subfamily when subfamilies are recognized) then other genera by chronological order of description (and alphabetical order).
- Type species of the genus first by chronological order (and alphabetical order), with last listed misapplied names in a light gray font.
- ! Marks misspellings of the species names that must not be used.
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
| Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Chilodus punctatus Müller & Troschel, 1844 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chilodus zunevei Puyo, 1946 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chilodus gracilis Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1988 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chilodus fritillus Vari & Ortega, 1997 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Caenotropus labyrinthicus (Kner, 1858) | accepted | senior | new | |
Microdus labyrinthicus Kner, 1858 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Chilodus labyrinthicus (Kner, 1858) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Caenotropus labyrhinthicus (Kner, 1858) | synonym | senior | new | |
Chilodus labyrinthicus rupununi Fowler, 1914 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Caenotropus labyrinthicus rupununi (Fowler, 1914) | synonym | junior | new | |
Caenotropus maculosus (Eigenmann, 1912) | accepted | senior | new | |
Tylobronchus maculosus Eigenmann, 1912 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Coenotropus maculosus (Eigenmann, 1912) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Tylobranchus maculosos Eigenmann, 1912 | synonym | senior | original | |
Caenotropus mestomorgmatos Vari, Castro & Raredon, 1995 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Caenotropus schizodon Scharcansky & Lucena, 2007 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |